Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34504006›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Engineering hydrogels with homogeneous mechanical properties for controlling stem cell lineage specification.

Bin Xue, Dehua Tang, Xin Wu, Zhengyu Xu, Jie Gu, Yueying Han, Zhenshu Zhu, Meng Qin, Xiaoping Zou, Wei Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Mechanochemistry: Fundamental Principles and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Tough Hydrogels with Different Toughening Mechanisms and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Gradual Stress-Relaxation of Hydrogel Regulates Cell Spreading.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bin XueCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0822-6501
Dehua TangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3195-6550
Xin WuCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Zhengyu XuCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Jie GuCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Yueying HanCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Zhenshu ZhuCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Meng QinCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Xiaoping ZouDepartment of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4147-7051
Wei WangCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Yi CaoCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; caoyi@nju.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-1493-7868

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is mechanically inhomogeneous due to the presence of a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules and hierarchically assembled structures at the nanoscale. Mechanical inhomogeneity can be even more pronounced under pathological conditions due to injury, fibrogenesis, or tumorigenesis. Although considerable progress has been devoted to engineering synthetic hydrogels to mimic the ECM, the effect of the mechanical inhomogeneity of hydrogels has been widely overlooked. Here, we develop a method based on host-guest chemistry to control the homogeneity of maleimide-thiol cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. We show that mechanical homogeneity plays an important role in controlling the differentiation or stemness maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. Inhomogeneous hydrogels disrupt actin assembly and lead to reduced YAP activation levels, while homogeneous hydrogels promote mechanotransduction. Thus, the method we developed to minimize the mechanical inhomogeneity of hydrogels may have broad applications in cell culture and tissue engineering.

Indexed as

Cell DifferentiationCell LineageMechanotransduction, CellularBiocompatible MaterialsHuman Embryonic Stem CellsHumansHydrogelsOsteoblastsTissue EngineeringBiocompatible MaterialsHydrogelsdifferentiationhost–guest chemistryhydrogelmechanical homogeneitystem cell

Identifiers

PMID34504006
PMCPMC8449376

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.