ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021
Effects of warm compress on tear film, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in dry eyes after corneal refractive surgery.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of a single warm compress prior to ophthalmic surgery on ocular surface and intraoperative visibility: a randomised controlled study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Response of tear cytokines following intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland expression for treating meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- From the Ocular Surface to Neurophysiology: An Integrative Review of Digital Eye Strain.Clinical optometry · 2026Review
- Evidence-Based Strategies for Warm Compress Therapy in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- The effect of incomplete blinking rate on corneal epithelial remodeling after trans-PRK surgery: a six-month study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of lipid layer tear film changes after femtosecond small incision lenticule extraction.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo assess the effects of warm compress (WC) on tear film lipid layer, blink pattern and Meibomian gland function in patients with dry eye following femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).
methodsWe enrolled 37 eyes of 37 participants, each with dry eye for more than 2 years following SMILE (25 eyes) or LASEK (12 eyes). WC was performed using a spontaneously heating eye mask. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT), blink pattern, Meibomian secretory function scores (MGS), visual acuity, spherical equivalent (SE), keratometry, central corneal thickness (CCT) and aberration were assessed before and after WC.
resultsAfter WC, the following mean values all increased relative to baselines: CCT, SE, minimum (Min-), maximum (Max-) and average (Ave-) TFLLT, TBUT, total MGS (TMGS), number of glands secreting any liquid (MGL), and complete blink rate (CBR) (p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.042). Partial blink frequency (PBF) and partial blink rate (PBR) decreased (p = 0.002 in both cases). The decrease of PBF was higher in SMILE subgroup than in LASEK (p = 0.030). TBUT variation was positively correlated with that of Ave-TFLLT and TMGS (p = 0.046, 0.028, respectively). Max-TFLLT variation was correlated with that of TMGS (p = 0.020).
conclusionsWC may temporarily increase tear film thickness and stability, decrease partial blink, and partly augment Meibomian gland function in dry eye patients after corneal refractive surgeries. Future studies are required to investigate long term clinical efficacy and safety.
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