ReviewCancers2021
Hybrid Formation and Fusion of Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implications of Heterotypic Cell Fusion in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- A Brief Introduction into the Biological Phenomenon of Cell-Cell Fusion.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Single-cell RNA-sequencing of circulating tumour cells: A practical guide to workflow and translational applications.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Mapping cell-cell fusion at single-cell resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Renal cancer cells acquire immune surface protein through trogocytosis and horizontal gene transfer.PloS one · 2025Article
- Decoding Metastasis: From Cell Death to Fusion in Cancer Progression.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- The molecular features of lung cancer stem cells in dedifferentiation process-driven epigenetic alterations.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Review
- Cell-cell fusion in cancer: The next cancer hallmark?The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology · 2024Review
- Article
- How Much Do You Fuse? A Comparison of Cell Fusion Assays in a Breast Cancer Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Regulation of cancer stem cells and immunotherapy of glioblastoma (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Intratumor Heterogeneity and Treatment Resistance of Solid Tumors with a Focus on Polyploid/Senescent Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Adopted neoplastic cells and the consequences of their existence.Oncotarget · 2023Article
- Intrinsic signalling factors associated with cancer cell-cell fusion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Fibroblasts as Turned Agents in Cancer Progression.Cancers · 2023Review
- Extracellular Events Involved in Cancer Cell-Cell Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Generation of Cancer Stem/Initiating Cells by Cell-Cell Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Hybrid/Atypical Forms of Circulating Tumor Cells: Current State of the Art.Biochemistry. Biokhimiia · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The generation of cancer hybrid cells by intra-tumoral cell fusion opens new avenues for tumor plasticity to develop cancer stem cells with altered properties, to escape from immune surveillance, to change metastatic behavior, and to broaden drug responsiveness/resistance. Genomic instability and chromosomal rearrangements in bi- or multinucleated aneuploid cancer hybrid cells contribute to these new functions. However, the significance of cell fusion in tumorigenesis is controversial with respect to the low frequency of cancer cell fusion events and a clonal advantage of surviving cancer hybrid cells following a post-hybrid selection process. This review highlights alternative processes of cancer hybrid cell development such as entosis, emperipolesis, cannibalism, therapy-induced polyploidization/endoreduplication, horizontal or lateral gene transfer, and focusses on the predominant mechanisms of cell fusion. Based upon new properties of cancer hybrid cells the arising clinical consequences of the subsequent tumor heterogeneity after cancer cell fusion represent a major therapeutic challenge.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.