ReviewCancers2021
Electrochemotherapy of Deep-Seated Tumors: State of Art and Perspectives as Possible "EPR Effect Enhancer" to Improve Cancer Nanomedicine Efficacy.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR-Cas9 engineering of CAR-T cells: Can non-viral nanoparticles unlock safer and scalable genome editing?iScience · 2026Review
- Theragenerative Nanomaterials: Integrating Therapy, Regeneration, and Diagnosis-Navigating the Shared Pathways Between Tissue Repair and Malignancy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Custom bipolar electrode for bleomycin-based electrochemotherapy in patient-derived uveal melanomaFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigation of the Bystander Effect on Cell Viability After Application of Combined Electroporation-Based Methods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Indications and Clinical Outcomes of Electrochemotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Systemic and locoregional therapies for cutaneous metastases from breast cancer: state of art and new frontiers in treatment approach.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Next-generation nanocarriers for precision antitumor therapy: from passive targeting to intelligent response.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- Clinical Insights and Future Prospects: A Comprehensive Narrative Review on Immunomodulation Induced by Electrochemotherapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Electrochemotherapy Treatment in a Patient with an Extended Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Face: A Case Report.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Electrochemotherapy with intravenous, intratumoral, or combined administration of bleomycin in the treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases in a rat model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Progressing nanotechnology to improve targeted cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in its clinical implementation.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Role of Percutaneous Ablation in the Management of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Green Routes for Bio-Fabrication in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Effects of Electrochemotherapy on Immunologically Important Modifications in Tumor Cells.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin in the Treatment of Colorectal Hepatic Metastases in a Rat Model.Cancers · 2023Article
- Safety and Feasibility of Analgosedation for Electrochemotherapy of Liver Lesions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Revolutionizing cancer treatment: nanotechnology-enabled photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy with advanced photosensitizers.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- ROS-responsive Galactosylated-nanoparticles with Doxorubicin Entrapment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Multi-Site Attack, Neutrophil Membrane-Camouflaged Nanomedicine with High Drug Loading for Enhanced Cancer Therapy and Metastasis Inhibition.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Surgical resection is the gold standard for the treatment of many kinds of tumor, but its success depends on the early diagnosis and the absence of metastases. However, many deep-seated tumors (liver, pancreas, for example) are often unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapies and radiotherapies are a second line for cancer treatment. The "enhanced permeability and retention" (EPR) effect is believed to play a fundamental role in the passive uptake of drug-loaded nanocarriers, for example polymeric nanoparticles, in deep-seated tumors. However, criticisms of the EPR effect were recently raised, particularly in advanced human cancers: obstructed blood vessels and suppressed blood flow determine a heterogeneity of the EPR effect, with negative consequences on nanocarrier accumulation, retention, and intratumoral distribution. Therefore, to improve the nanomedicine uptake, there is a strong need for "EPR enhancers". Electrochemotherapy represents an important tool for the treatment of deep-seated tumors, usually combined with the systemic (intravenous) administration of anticancer drugs, such as bleomycin or cisplatin. A possible new strategy, worthy of investigation, could be the use of this technique as an "EPR enhancer" of a target tumor, combined with the intratumoral administration of drug-loaded nanoparticles. This is a general overview of the rational basis for which EP could be envisaged as an "EPR enhancer" in nanomedicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.