ReviewCancers2021
How to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Adrenocortical Tumors?
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The differential diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors: systematic review of Ki-67 and IGF2 and meta-analysis of Ki-67.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the advantages of mixed reality technology in Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Characteristic of Aldosterone-Producing adrenocortical carcinoma: review of the literature.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Synchronous Ipsilateral Adrenal and Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma: A Unique Case of Large Tumor Mass.Case reports in medicine · 2025Article
- A Large Benign Adrenocortical Adenoma Cosecreting Testosterone and Cortisol.JCEM case reports · 2024Article
- Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Diagnostic imaging of a rare case of incidental adrenal ganglioneuroma.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Article
- The Enhanced Expression of ZWILCH Predicts Poor Survival of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Patients.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of Nrf2 expression and mutation with Weiss and Helsinki scores in adrenocortical carcinoma.Cancer science · 2022Article
- Article
- Was It an Adrenocortical Adenoma or an Adrenocortical Carcinoma? Limitation of the Weiss Scoring System in Determining the Malignant Potential of Adrenocortical Tumor: Report on Two Cases.Case reports in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Adrenal incidentalomas are, however, commonly identified in clinical practice. Discrimination between benign and malignant adrenal tumors is of great importance considering the large differences in clinical behavior requiring different strategies. Diagnosis of ACC starts with a thorough physical examination, biochemical evaluation, and imaging. Computed tomography is the first-level imaging modality in adrenal tumors, with tumor size and Hounsfield units being important features for determining malignancy. New developments include the use of urine metabolomics, also enabling discrimination of ACC from adenomas preoperatively. Postoperatively, the Weiss score is used for diagnosis of ACC, consisting of nine histopathological criteria. Due to known limitations as interobserver variability and lack of accuracy in borderline cases, much effort has been put into new tools to diagnose ACC. Novel developments vary from immunohistochemical markers and pathological scores, to markers at the level of DNA, methylome, chromosome, or microRNA. Molecular studies have provided insights into the most promising and most frequent alterations in ACC. The use of liquid biopsies for diagnosis of ACC is studied, although in a small number of patients, requiring further investigation. In this review, current diagnostic modalities and challenges in ACC will be addressed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.