ReviewCancers2021
Tumor-Associated Microglia and Macrophages in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Their Implications for Therapy.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Epigenetic reprogramming and antitumor immune responses in gliomas: a systematic review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Research progress on the role of dendritic cells in glioma during 1992-2024: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review on Tumor Microenvironment in Glial Neoplasm: From Understanding Pathogenesis to Future Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Breaking adaptive oncogenic resistance in glioblastoma via targeting the EGFR-STAT3 axis.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- The Microbiome in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Tumor-Immune Interactions, and Translational Perspectives.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Based delivery of proteasome inhibitors for glioblastoma Therapy: Strategies to overcome Blood-Brain barrier and therapeutic resistance.Biochemical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk in Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Glioblastoma.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Review
- Exploring the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Mediating Cisplatin Resistance in Glioma/Glioblastoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Expression patterns of carbonic anhydrase IX and immune response biomarkers in pediatric gliomas and glioneuronal tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma: Molecular Mechanisms, Tumor Microenvironment, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Review
- Piezo1 in the central nervous system: decoding the mechanical signature of neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Single-cell inflammatory signaling defines a novel CEP135Translational oncology · 2026Article
- NG2-targeting macrophages inhibit 3D invasion of patient-derived glioblastoma spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- ASGR2 and CLEC12A as Prognostically Relevant C-Type Lectin Hubs in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- The ERK MAPK pathway in mesenchymal glioblastoma: tumorigenesis, microenvironmental reprogramming, and the therapeutic promise of RAS(ON) multi-selective inhibition.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Reconceptualizing glioblastoma immunotherapy: a four-pillar framework to overcome multidimensional resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Chlorpromazine activates cGAS-STING signaling and reprograms the immune response in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. Standard of care includes surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite treatment, patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 15 months. The poor prognosis is associated with an increased abundance of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), which are known to play a role in creating a pro-tumorigenic environment and aiding tumor progression. Most treatment strategies are directed against glioblastoma cells; however, accumulating evidence suggests targeting of TAMs as a promising therapeutic strategy. While TAMs are typically dichotomously classified as M1 and M2 phenotypes, recent studies utilizing single cell technologies have identified expression pattern differences, which is beginning to give a deeper understanding of the heterogeneous subpopulations of TAMs in glioblastomas. In this review, we evaluate the role of TAMs in the glioblastoma microenvironment and discuss how their interactions with cancer cells have an extensive impact on glioblastoma progression and treatment resistance. Finally, we summarize the effects and challenges of therapeutic strategies, which specifically aim to target TAMs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.