Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34502652›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Skin Strain Analysis of the Scapular Region and Wearables Design.

Arianna Carnevale, Emiliano Schena, Domenico Formica, Carlo Massaroni, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Vincenzo Denaro

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Optical Motion Capture Systems for 3D Kinematic Analysis in Patients with Shoulder Disorders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Experimentally measured lumbar skin strains during functional movements.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Arianna CarnevaleDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4543-1149
Emiliano SchenaUnit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9696-1265
Domenico FormicaUnit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human Technology Interaction (NeXT), Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0240-1265
Carlo MassaroniUnit of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3090-5623
Umile Giuseppe LongoDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4063-9821
Vincenzo DenaroDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Università Campus Bio-Medico · IT

Funding

Ministero della Salute PE-2016-02364894
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Monitoring scapular movements is of relevance in the contexts of rehabilitation and clinical research. Among many technologies, wearable systems instrumented by strain sensors are emerging in these applications. An open challenge for the design of these systems is the optimal positioning of the sensing elements, since their response is related to the strain of the underlying substrates. This study aimed to provide a method to analyze the human skin strain of the scapular region. Experiments were conducted on five healthy volunteers to assess the skin strain during upper limb movements in the frontal, sagittal, and scapular planes at different degrees of elevation. A 6 × 5 grid of passive markers was placed posteriorly to cover the entire anatomic region of interest. Results showed that the maximum strain values, in percentage, were 28.26%, and 52.95%, 60.12% and 60.87%, 40.89%, and 48.20%, for elevation up to 90° and maximum elevation in the frontal, sagittal, and scapular planes, respectively. In all cases, the maximum extension is referred to the pair of markers placed horizontally near the axillary fold. Accordingly, this study suggests interesting insights for designing and positioning textile-based strain sensors in wearable systems for scapular movements monitoring.

Indexed as

Shoulder JointWearable Electronic DevicesBiomechanical PhenomenaHumansMovementRange of Motion, ArticularUpper Extremitybiomechanicsrehabilitationscapula movements monitoringskin strain analysisstrain sensorstextile sensorswearable systems

Identifiers

PMID34502652
PMCPMC8434297
OpenAlexW3194180333

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.