ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Links between Infections, Lung Cancer, and the Immune System.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis on the Incidence and Associated Factors of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Lung Cancer Patients: Evidence Predominantly From Chinese Studies in the Chinese and English Literature.Thoracic cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Global research and emerging trends in depression in lung cancer: a bibliometric and visualized study from 2014 to 2024.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Pathogen distribution in pulmonary infection in chinese patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Fabrication of a Multifunctional CoFeACS omega · 2026Article
- Carvacrol-Based Formulations Modulate Sirtuins and Exert Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Effects in Lung Cancer Models.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations between respiratory diseases and lung cancer risk: a secondary analysis of the large-scale prospective UK biobank cohort.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Association between albumin-corrected anion gap and in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study based on the MIMIC database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Pulmonary Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases: Cutting-Edge Formulations and Manufacturing Technologies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Curcumin as a Multi-Target Bioactive Molecule: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Is Immunotherapy a Contraindication for Treating Lung Cancer Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases? A Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- From granulomas to tumors: post-tuberculosis immune and structural lung remodeling as a driver of carcinogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Case Report: Management challenges of active tuberculosis complicated by thrombocytosis and squamous cell lung carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Clinical Utility and Therapeutic Strategy Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Pulmonary Infection Among Cancer Patients.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Ethyl Acetate Extract from Wenxia Formula (WFEA) Attenuates Immunosuppression in Lung Cancer by Inhibiting Treg DifferentiationCurrent topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- NLRP3 inflammasomes at the ARDS-cancer interface: mechanisms and translational hypotheses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lack of caspase 8 directs neuronal progenitor-like reprogramming and small cell lung cancer progression.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Pulmonary Embolism Recurrence and Mortality in Patients With Lung Cancers.Cureus · 2025Article
- DC-SIGN (CD209)-mediated interactions between bacteria, lung cancer tissues, and macrophages promote cancer metastasis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Hyperglycemia and Lung Cancer-A Possible Relationship.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading disease of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since the beginning of the 20th century, various infectious agents associated with lung cancer have been identified. The mechanisms that include systemic inflammatory pathways as effect of microbial persistence in the lung can secondarily promote the development of lung carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation associated with lung-cancer infections is known to precede tumor development, and it has a strong effect on the response(s) to therapy. In fact, both viral and bacterial infections can activate inflammatory cells and inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review, an overview of critical findings of recent studies investigating associations between each of viral and bacterial pathogens and lung carcinoma is provided, with particular emphasis on how infectious organisms can interfere with oncogenic processes and all the way through immunity. Moreover, a discussion of the direct crosstalk between lung tumor development and inflammatory processes is also presented.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.