ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Extracellular Vesicle Separation Techniques Impact Results from Human Blood Samples: Considerations for Diagnostic Applications.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: A double‑edged sword regulating inflammation and cartilage homeostasis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Role and Mechanism of Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Repair of Ischemic Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle‑derived extracellular vesicles in multi‑organ degenerative disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic delivery perspectives (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Machine learning for extracellular vesicles enables diagnostic and therapeutic nanobiotechnology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Molecular Evaluation of Different Enrichment Methods for Extracellular Vesicles from Healthy Subjects' Biobanked Serum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The role and prospects of extracellular vesicles in advanced drug and vaccine delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Central Nervous System-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Expression Analysis of let-7a-5p and miR-21-3p in Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Serum of NSCLC Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles from EGFR mutated lung cancer cells.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicle-associated epidermal growth factor receptor as a potential liquid biopsy biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma: a case-control study.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2025Article
- Comparing the Proteomic Profiles of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated using Different Methods from Long-term Stored Plasma Samples.Biological procedures online · 2024Article
- Exosomes target HBV-host interactions to remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Scalable purification of extracellular vesicles with high yield and purity using multimodal flowthrough chromatography.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Review
- A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Review
- Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments.Membranes · 2022Review
- Unveiling the Native Morphology of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Atomic Force and Cryogenic Electron Microscopy.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Brain Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Mediated Therapy in the Neonatal Ischemic Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Small non-coding RNA landscape of extracellular vesicles from a post-traumatic model of equine osteoarthritis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reminiscent of their cell of origin and thus represent a valuable source of biomarkers. However, for EVs to be used as biomarkers in clinical practice, simple, comparable, and reproducible analytical methods must be applied. Although progress is being made in EV separation methods for human biofluids, the implementation of EV assays for clinical diagnosis and common guidelines are still lacking. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of established EV separation techniques from human serum and plasma, including ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), followed by concentration using (a) ultracentrifugation, (b) ultrafiltration, or (c) precipitation, and immunoaffinity isolation. We analyzed the size, number, protein, and miRNA content of the obtained EVs and assessed the functional delivery of EV cargo. Our results demonstrate that all methods led to an adequate yield of small EVs. While no significant difference in miRNA content was observed for the different separation methods, ultracentrifugation was best for subsequent flow cytometry analysis. Immunoaffinity isolation is not suitable for subsequent protein analyses. SEC + ultracentrifugation showed the best functional delivery of EV cargo. In summary, combining SEC with ultracentrifugation gives the highest yield of pure and functional EVs and allows reliable analysis of both protein and miRNA contents. We propose this combination as the preferred EV isolation method for biomarker studies from human serum or plasma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.