Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34502092›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Arboviruses: How Saliva Impacts the Journey from Vector to Host.

Christine A Schneider, Eric Calvo, Karin E Peterson

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
9.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. First Report ofViruses · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Multidimensional mechanisms of SFTSV-host interactions: viral protein functions, mFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  10. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the 21Le infezioni in medicina · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Immunosuppressive impact ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity in the Saliva of the Malaria VectorInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christine A SchneiderLaboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
Eric CalvoLaboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7880-2730
Karin E PetersonLaboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4177-7249
National Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis in the Central Nervous SystemZIAAI001102 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI PETERSON, KARIN · 2009 to 2025
$16.8M
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1ZIAAI001102-11
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Arthropod-borne viruses, referred to collectively as arboviruses, infect millions of people worldwide each year and have the potential to cause severe disease. They are predominately transmitted to humans through blood-feeding behavior of three main groups of biting arthropods: ticks, mosquitoes, and sandflies. The pathogens harbored by these blood-feeding arthropods (BFA) are transferred to animal hosts through deposition of virus-rich saliva into the skin. Sometimes these infections become systemic and can lead to neuro-invasion and life-threatening viral encephalitis. Factors intrinsic to the arboviral vectors can greatly influence the pathogenicity and virulence of infections, with mounting evidence that BFA saliva and salivary proteins can shift the trajectory of viral infection in the host. This review provides an overview of arbovirus infection and ways in which vectors influence viral pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on how saliva and salivary gland extracts from the three dominant arbovirus vectors impact the trajectory of the cellular immune response to arbovirus infection in the skin.

Indexed as

AnimalsArbovirusesArbovirus InfectionsArthropod VectorsHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansSalivaimmune enhancementmosquitoskinviral infection

Identifiers

PMID34502092
PMCPMC8431069
OpenAlexW3195094189

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.