ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Pneumonia Risk Associated with the Use of Individual Benzodiazepines and Benzodiazepine Related Drugs among the Elderly with Parkinson's Disease.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiology and pharmacological management for sleep problems in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Article
- The Evaluation of Benzodiazepine-induced Dysphagia Using High-resolution Manometry.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Clinical Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Asthma Therapies on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Pneumonia in Predominant Bronchiectasis-Asthma Combination.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Discovery of the Potential Novel Pharmacodynamic Substances From Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction Based on the Concept of Co-Decoction Reaction and Analysis Strategy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) gradually develop oropharyngeal dysphagia which is often associated with pneumonia risk. The possible association of benzodiazepine (BZD) and benzodiazepine related drugs (BZRD) use with pneumonia risk has received increasing attention but remains controversial. We investigated pneumonia risk associated with the use of BZDs and BZRDs in older adult patients with PD. This case-control study analyzed data of 551,975 older adult patients with PD between 2001 and 2018 in Taiwan. To minimize potential confounding, we used 1:4 propensity score matching to include older adult patients without pneumonia as controls. Incident pneumonia risk was significantly higher in current (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.23-1.27) and past (aOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11-1.15) users of BZDs. Regarding BZRDs, recent (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.06-1.11) and past (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.88-0.91) users had higher and lower risks of incident pneumonia, respectively. Pneumonia risk varied based on their use of BZDs and BZRDs. In these individuals, incident pneumonia risk was high in users of BZDs, such as midazolam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, and clonazepam. Regarding the use of BZRDs, zopiclone increased incident pneumonia risk.
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