ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Sero-Prevalence among Women in Namibia: Further Analysis of Population-Based Data.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wealth, income and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Pooled it
- HIV prevalence and associated factors among women in urban Ethiopia: findings from the Ethiopian Population-based HIV Impact Assessment.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Wealth-related inequalities in HIV testing and counselling during antenatal care among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a decomposition analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Comparative growth of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected with those who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected at age 1 and 2 years in South Africa: a prospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Association of self-reported HIV infection with oral pre-exposure prophylaxis use among women of reproductive age in Lesotho: evidence from mixed-effects estimates of nationally representative data.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Article
- Intersectional forces of urban inequality and the global HIV pandemic: a retrospective analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Review
- Determinants and Patterns of Contraceptive Use among Sexually Active Women Living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria.Research square · 2024Article
- Barriers and enabling structural forces affecting access to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Decomposing Education-Based Inequalities in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge for HIV Prevention Among Women in Cote d'Ivoire.International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- A multiplicative effect of Education and Wealth associated with HIV-related knowledge and attitudes among Ghanaian women.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Epidemiological Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Kazakhstan During 2018-2020.Journal of research in health sciences · 2023Article
- Achieving the UNAIDS first '95' in prenuptial HIV/AIDS testing among reproductive-aged Rwandese women: A multilevel analysis of 2019-20 population-based data.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 in Namibian Dogs.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in the 90-90-90 target, among people living with HIV in 12 sub-Saharan African countries - Implications for achieving the 95-95-95 target - Analysis of population-based surveys.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Cell Phone Availability and Usage for mHealth and Intervention Delivery to Persons Living With HIV in a Low-Resource Setting: Cross-sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Association between socio-economic factors and HIV self-testing knowledge amongst South African women.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequality is a major factor to consider in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in HIV prevalence among Namibian women. Data from a population-based household survey with multistage-stratified sample of 6501 women were used to examine the link between socioeconomic inequalities and HIV prevalence. The weighted HIV prevalence was 13.2% (95% CI: 12.1-14.3%). The HIV prevalence among the poorest, poorer, middle, richer, and richest households was 21.4%, 19.7%, 16.3%, 11.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. Similarly, 21.2%, 21.7%, 11.8%, and 2.1% HIV prevalence was estimated among women with no formal education and primary, secondary, and higher education, respectively. Women from poor households (Conc. Index = -0.258; SE = 0.017) and those with no formal education (Conc. Index = -0.199; SE = 0.015) had high concentration of HIV infection, respectively. In light of these findings, HIV prevention strategies must be tailored to the specific drivers of transmission in low socioeconomic groups, with special attention paid to the vulnerabilities faced by women and the dynamic and contextual nature of the relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV infection.
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