ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Snakebites in Rural Areas of Brazil by Race: Indigenous the Most Exposed Group.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of snake antivenom in the Region of the Americas: a systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Pooled it
- Snakebite envenoming: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global morbidity and mortality.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Burden of Mortality and Morbidity Caused by Snakebites Contributes to Economic Loss in a Rural Population in India.Toxins · 2026Article
- Nephroprotective Effects of Wedelolactone against Snake Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Insights into Experimental Envenomation.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Outcomes Associated With the Timing of Antivenom Administration in Bothrops and Crotalus Snakebite Envenomations.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Article
- Mortality trends among Indigenous women of reproductive age in Brazil: a time series analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- One Health and Neglected Zoonotic Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Review
- Study of defensive behavior of a venomous snake as a new approach to understand snakebite.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a minimum requirements checklist for snakebite envenoming treatment in the Brazilian Amazonia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Clinical Risk Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Snake Envenoming: A Narrative Review.Toxins · 2023Review
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- Acute mesenteric ischemia following lancehead snakebite: an unusual case report in the Northernmost Brazilian Amazon.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Epidemiological, Mitigation and Economic Impact of Zoonoses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animal stings are environmental hazards that threaten millions annually and cause a significant socioeconomic impact. Snakebite envenoming affects 2.7 million people globally every year, mostly the poorest and rural communities, with approximately 27,000 annual cases in Brazil. This study's objective is to identify the most exposed racial group for snakebites in rural areas of Brazil and analyze possible differences in the outcome of an accident. A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted using a database of rural snakebite cases from Brazil's Ministry of Health (2017). Descriptive analysis and a regression model were performed to examine the association of bad outcomes after a snakebite with several covariables. While mixed-race individuals presented the highest number of cases (61.79%), indigenous and white populations were the racial groups with the highest and lowest exposure rates (194.3 and 34.1 per 100,000 population, respectively). The fatality rate was 3.5 times higher in the indigenous population compared to the white population. In the multivariable model, the number of hours between the accident and health care received and the case classification suggested an association with a bad outcome. Snakebite is prominent in Brazil, particularly among indigenous groups. Antivenom is available in the Brazilian Health System; however, efforts need to be made for decentralization.
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