Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34501818›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Racial and Gender Discrimination Predict Mental Health Outcomes among Healthcare Workers Beyond Pandemic-Related Stressors: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rachel Hennein, Jessica Bonumwezi, Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, Petty Tineo, Sarah R Lowe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Gender discrimination in the emergency services: Female paramedic experiences in South Africa.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rachel HenneinYale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6855-0402
Jessica BonumweziDepartment of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
Max Jordan Nguemeni TiakoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5468-8926
Petty TineoDepartment of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
Sarah R LoweDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

Funding

Career Research Fellowship from the Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine N/ACOVID-19 Response Coordination Team N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Racial and gender discrimination are risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes in the general population; however, the effects of discrimination on the mental health of healthcare workers needs to be further explored, especially in relation to competing stressors. Thus, we administered a survey to healthcare workers to investigate the associations between perceived racial and gender discrimination and symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and burnout during a period of substantial stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and a national racial reckoning. We used multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for demographics and pandemic-related stressors. Of the 997 participants (Mean Age = 38.22 years, SD = 11.77), 688 (69.01%) were White, 148 (14.84%) Asian, 86 (8.63%) Black, 73 (7.32%) Latinx, and 21 (2.11%) identified as another race. In multivariable models, racial discrimination predicted symptoms of depression (B = 0.04; SE: 0.02;

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionHealth PersonnelHumansOutcome Assessment, Health CareSARS-CoV-2SexismWhite Peoplediscriminationhealthcare workersmental healthrace and ethnicity

Identifiers

PMID34501818
PMCPMC8431593

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.