SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Relationship between Green and Blue Spaces with Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Observational Studies.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surf therapy for people with mental health disorders: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of green space on physical activity and body weight status among Chinese adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Barcelona Superblocks 'Green Corridor' project on the quality of public space from a health determinants perspective.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Residential green space, air pollution, and related metabolites in association with depression among cancer survivors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The association between residential natural vegetation exposure at diagnosis and colorectal cancer-specific mortality among colorectal cancer cases in Kentucky.Environmental research · 2026Article
- The associations between residential environment and atopic dermatitis of adults: a prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sustainable walkability around green, blue, and spiritual spaces in a semi-urban district of coastal Karnataka, India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Urban green space and mental well-being of older adults: participatory action research in Hong Kong.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- A systematic review investigating the relationship between green and blue spaces and depression in older adults via DNA methylation.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Review
- The role of natural outdoor environment on COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisations among older community-dwellers in the pre-vaccination period: the Register RELOC-AGE cohort study in Sweden.BMC public health · 2025Article
- "I know it will make me feel better": a grounded theory of sea gazing and well-being for women in midlife.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
- Residential greenness associate with psychiatric problem and physical-psychological multimorbidity among 6900 Chinese middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Greenspace proximity in relation to sleep health among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of US women.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association between neighborhood stressors and allostatic load in breast cancer survivors: the Pathways Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Mental health status of the European population and its determinants: A cross-national comparison study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Park Access and Quality and Various Health Metrics in a Metropolitan Area in South Carolina Using the CDC PLACES Dataset.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Article
- Living and neighborhood environments and anxiety symptoms among older adults in Anhui, China: evidence from a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Greater residential greenness is associated with reduced epigenetic aging in adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of mountain biking on adolescent well-being: a scoping review.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Are Neighborhood Greenspaces Associated with Leisure-time Physical Activity? Results from ELSA-Brasil Eight-year Follow-up.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is growing interest in the ways natural environments influence the development and progression of long-term health conditions. Vegetation and water bodies, also known as green and blue spaces, have the potential to affect health and behaviour through the provision of aesthetic spaces for relaxation, socialisation and physical activity. While research has previously assessed how green and blue spaces affect mental and physical wellbeing, little is known about the relationship between these exposures and health outcomes over time. This systematic review summarised the published evidence from longitudinal observational studies on the relationship between exposure to green and blue space with mental and physical health in adults. Included health outcomes were common mental health conditions, severe mental health conditions and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). An online bibliographic search of six databases was completed in July 2020. After title, abstract and full-text screening, 44 eligible studies were included in the analysis. Depression, diabetes and obesity were the health conditions most frequently studied in longitudinal relationships. The majority of exposures included indicators of green space availability and urban green space accessibility. Few studies addressed the relationship between blue space and health. The narrative synthesis pointed towards mixed evidence of a protective relationship between exposure to green space and health. There was high heterogeneity in exposure measures and adjustment for confounding between studies. Future policy and research should seek a standardised approach towards measuring green and blue space exposures and employ theoretical grounds for confounder adjustment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.