SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Executive functions as mediators of early educational disparities by SES, gender and birth month.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant neurodevelopmental outcomes.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Exploring Repro-Timing Harm and Benefit.Bioethics · 2026Article
- Assigned vs. observed relative age: the association of early entry to school on cognitive abilities and its implications for educational practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Admission Routes and Demographics as Predictors of Academic Performance in Medical Students: A Retrospective Cohort of Grade Point Averages (GPAs) and Comprehensive Exam Scores.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- Article
- A hypothesis-free approach to identifying potential effects of relative age in school year: an instrumental variable phenome-wide association study in the UK Biobank.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Bullying and Cyberbullying Are Associated with Low Levels of Motivational Beliefs Toward Learning in Youth.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Relative Age in School and Initiation of Speech Therapy in Children.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Associations Between Relative Age, Siblings, and Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relative age as a risk factor for psychiatric diagnoses in children born preterm and to term: a cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Bullying and cyberbullying. A high risk, in boys and girls, of superficial learning, poor planning and academic procrastination.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Bullying and cyberbullying is associated with low levels of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in young people.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Relationship between movement behaviours and life satisfaction in Chinese children: A cross-lagged panel analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Relative age effect on the physical activity and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years old: a cross-sectional study in Japan.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Relative Age Effects on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Educational Achievement: A Longitudinal UK Cohort Study.JAACAP open · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Physical Activity, Performance-Related Health, and Academic Achievements in 11-to-13-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Qatar.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Association of early bedtime at 3 years of age with higher academic performance and better non-cognitive skills in elementary school.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors moderate the association between physical activity and relative age effect: a cross-sectional survey study with Japanese adolescents.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a large number of variables, studied in the literature, that affect the integral development of students in the educational stage, but few research analyze the effects that relative age can have on development. The aim of this study is to review and summarize the results obtained, on this subject, in recent research. The methodology used has followed the PRISMA declaration. The final sample is composed by 21 articles, which use data from 24 countries and 32 assessments. The main conclusions indicate that relatively younger children in same class groups: (a) obtain significantly lower mean scores in cognitive and motor tests, (b) have a higher repetition rate, and (c) have a less capacity of socialization. Finally, it should be noted that considering the results obtained by the research on relative age effect on child development, some authors propose to adapt educational practices to minimize these effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.