ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
ACE2, the Counter-Regulatory Renin-Angiotensin System Axis and COVID-19 Severity.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- ACE2 Inhibits Dermal Regeneration Through Ang II in Tissue Expansion.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Exploring Negative Feedback Mechanisms in the PTEN-ACE Axis: Application of Electrosorb Hydrogel-Based Gene Delivery for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Synergistic Pulmonoprotective Effect of Natural Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Diseases: Introducing Bisartans as a Novel Therapy for Coronavirus 2019.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- A Clinical Update on SARS-CoV-2: Pathology and Development of Potential Inhibitors.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- The Drosophila melanogaster ACE2 ortholog genes are differently expressed in obesity/diabetes and aging models: Implications for COVID-19 pathology.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and the heart.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
- Anti-human ACE2 antibody neutralizes and inhibits virus production of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.iScience · 2022Article
- A Natural Plant Source-Tea Polyphenols, a Potential Drug for Improving Immunity and Combating Virus.Nutrients · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Severity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Inseparable Link.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and potential pathway-based therapeutic targets.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme (ACE2) is an entry receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 also contributes to a deviation of the lung renin-angiotensin system (RAS) towards its counter-regulatory axis, thus transforming harmful ANG II to protective ANG (1-7). Based on this purported ACE2 double function, it has been put forward that the benefit from ACE2 upregulation with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) counterbalances COVID-19 risks due to counter-regulatory RAS axis amplification. In this manuscript we discuss the relationship between ACE2 expression and function in the lungs and other organs and COVID-19 severity. Recent data suggested that the involvement of ACE2 in the lung counter-regulatory RAS axis is limited. In this setting, an augmentation of ACE2 expression and/or a dissociation of ACE2 from the ANG (1-7)/Mas pathways that leaves unopposed the ACE2 function, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, predisposes to more severe disease and it appears to often occur in the relevant risk factors. Further, the effect of RAASi on ACE2 expression and on COVID-19 severity and the overall clinical implications are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.