ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influence of the Spent Coffee Ground-to-Ammonium Lignosulfonate Ratio on the Performance of Wood-Fiber Biocomposites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Characterization of Sustainable Biocomposites from Wood Fibers, Spent Coffee Grounds, and Ammonium Lignosulfonate.Polymers · 2025Article
- Advances in Lignin Chemistry, Bonding Performance, and Formaldehyde Emission Reduction in Lignin-Based Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives: A Review.ChemSusChem · 2025Review
- Particleboard Creation from Agricultural Waste Residue of Seed Hemp.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Approaching Self-Bonded Medium Density Fiberboards Made by Mixing Steam ExplodedMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Advanced Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lignocellulosic Biomass of C3 and C4 Perennial Grasses as a Valuable Feedstock for Particleboard Manufacture.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Biodegradable Films Prepared from Pulp Lignocellulose Adhesives of Urea Formaldehyde Resin Modified by Biosulfonate.Polymers · 2022Article
- Effect of the Adhesive System on the Properties of Fiberboard Panels Bonded with Hydrolysis Lignin and Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin.Polymers · 2022Article
- Experimental Study of the Influence of Selected Factors on the Particle Board Ignition by Radiant Heat Flux.Polymers · 2022Article
- Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Produced with Addition of Walnut (Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Production of Particleboard Using Various Particle Size Hemp Shives as Filler.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Complex Behavior in the Dynamics of a Polymeric Biocomposite Material-"Liquid Wood". Experimental and Theoretical Aspects.Polymers · 2021Article
- Characterisation of Wood Particles Used in the Particleboard Production as a Function of Their Moisture Content.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Efficiency of High-Frequency Pressing of Spruce Laminated Timber Bonded with Casein Adhesives.Polymers · 2021Article
- Review
- Surfactant-Induced Reconfiguration of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Enables Improved Surface Properties and Gluability of Bamboo.Polymers · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using magnesium and sodium lignosulfonates (LS) in the production of particleboards, used pure and in mixtures with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as a crosslinker. In order to evaluate the effect of gradual replacement of UF by magnesium lignosulfonate (MgLS) or sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on the physical and mechanical properties, boards were manufactured in the laboratory with LS content varying from 0% to 100%. The effect of LS on the pH of lignosulfonate-urea-formaldehyde (LS-UF) adhesive compositions was also investigated. It was found that LS can be effectively used to adjust the pH of uncured and cured LS-UF formulations. Particleboards bonded with LS-UF adhesive formulations, comprising up to 30% LS, exhibited similar properties when compared to boards bonded with UF adhesive. The replacement of UF by both LS types substantially deteriorated the water absorption and thickness swelling of boards. In general, NaLS-UF-bonded boards had a lower formaldehyde content (FC) than MgLS-UF and UF-bonded boards as control. It was observed that in the process of manufacturing boards using LS adhesives, increasing the proportion of pMDI in the adhesive composition can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the boards. Overall, the boards fabricated using pure UF adhesives exhibited much better mechanical properties than boards bonded with LS adhesives. Markedly, the boards based on LS adhesives were characterised by a much lower FC than the UF-bonded boards. In the LS-bonded boards, the FC is lower by 91.1% and 56.9%, respectively, compared to the UF-bonded boards. The boards bonded with LS and pMDI had a close-to-zero FC and reached the super E0 emission class (≤1.5 mg/100 g) that allows for defining the laboratory-manufactured particleboards as eco-friendly composites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.