ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
2-IPMA Ameliorates PM2.5-Induced Inflammation by Promoting Primary Ciliogenesis in RPE Cells.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Combined Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Postbiotic Mixtures in Chicken Ileal Explant Cultures.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The primary cilium as a compartmentalized signaling hub in tissue immunity and homeostasis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice ameliorates metabolic disorder in arsenicosis patients based on the analysis of untargeted plasma metabolomics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Loliolide inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Acute and continuous exposure of airborne fine particulate matter (PMParticle and fibre toxicology · 2023Article
- Particulate Matter Elevates Ocular Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Loss of primary cilia promotes inflammation and carcinogenesis.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- Carnitine Protects against MPPCells · 2022Article
- Primary Ciliogenesis by 2-Isopropylmalic Acid Prevents PM2.5-Induced Inflammatory Response and MMP-1 Activation in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and a 3-D-Skin Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Yiqi Chutan Formula Reverses Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis and Ferroptosis of Skeletal Muscle by Alleviating Oxidative Stress.Integrative cancer therapiesArticle
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Primary cilia mediate the interactions between cells and external stresses. Thus, dysregulation of primary cilia is implicated in various ciliopathies, e.g., degeneration of the retina caused by dysregulation of the photoreceptor primary cilium. Particulate matter (PM) can cause epithelium injury and endothelial dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Previously, we showed that PM disrupts the formation of primary cilia in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. In the present study, we identified 2-isopropylmalic acid (2-IPMA) as a novel inducer of primary ciliogenesis from a metabolite library screening. Both ciliated cells and primary cilium length were increased in 2-IPMA-treated RPE cells. Notably, 2-IPMA strongly promoted primary ciliogenesis and restored PM2.5-induced dysgenesis of primary cilia in RPE cells. Both excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of a stress kinase, JNK, by PM2.5 were reduced by 2-IPMA. Moreover, 2-IPMA inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production, i.e., IL-6 and TNF-α, induced by PM2.5 in RPE cells. Taken together, our data suggest that 2-IPMA ameliorates PM2.5-induced inflammation by promoting primary ciliogenesis in RPE cells.
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