Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34500656›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Application of a Low Transition Temperature Mixture for the Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction of Illicit Drugs from Urine Samples.

Valeria Gallo, Pierpaolo Tomai, Valerio Di Lisio, Chiara Dal Bosco, Paola D'Angelo, Chiara Fanali, Giovanni D'Orazio, Ilaria Silvestro, Yolanda Picó, Alessandra Gentili

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In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Valeria GalloDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Pierpaolo TomaiDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Valerio Di LisioDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Chiara Dal BoscoDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Paola D'AngeloDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5015-8410
Chiara FanaliUnit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Giovanni D'OrazioInstitute for the Biological Systems, National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8649-9062
Ilaria SilvestroDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Yolanda PicóEnvironmental and Food Safety Research Group, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), 46113 Moncada, Spain.
Alessandra GentiliDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Funding

Sapienza Università di Roma RG11916B6451D44A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of psychoactive substances is a serious problem in today's society and reliable methods of analysis are necessary to confirm their occurrence in biological matrices. In this work, a green sample preparation technique prior to HPLC-MS analysis was successfully applied to the extraction of 14 illicit drugs from urine samples. The isolation procedure was a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the use of a low transition temperature mixture (LTTM), composed of choline chloride and sesamol in a molar ratio 1:3 as the extracting solvent. This mixture was classified as LTTM after a thorough investigation carried out by FTIR and DSC, which recorded a glass transition temperature at -71 °C. The extraction procedure was optimized and validated according to the main Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for bioanalytical methods, obtaining good figures of merit for all parameters: the estimated lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) values were between 0.01 µg L

Indexed as

Cold TemperatureHumansIllicit DrugsLimit of DetectionLiquid Phase MicroextractionTransition TemperatureIllicit Drugsbiological samplesdeep eutectic solventsdispersive liquid–liquid microextractiondrugshigh performance liquid chromatographyillicit drugslow transition temperature mixturesurine

Identifiers

PMID34500656
PMCPMC8434511

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.