Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34500320›Full record

ReviewSocial science & medicine (1982)2021

The Dyadic Cancer Outcomes Framework: A general framework of the effects of cancer on patients and informal caregivers.

Tess Thompson, Dana Ketcher, Tamryn F Gray, Erin E Kent

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Social science & medicine (1982), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. How adolescent and young adult cancer is portrayed in movies: reflections for supportive care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Outcomes That Matter in Gastrointestinal Cancer Care: A Focus Group Study of Patient-Centred Outcomes Identified by Patients and Care Partners.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  7. Caregiver contribution to patient self‑care and quality of life among informal carers of adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross‑sectional study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Dyadic-concordance death-preparedness states and end-of-life care received by cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The caregiver clinical communication process model: advancing the model to support spousal cancer caregivers.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Support needs of young people caring for their parents with cancer.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Tess ThompsonWashington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA. Electronic address: tessthompson@wustl.edu.
Dana KetcherMoffitt Cancer Center, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Tampa, FL, USA.
Tamryn F GrayDepartment of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Phyllis F. Cantor Center for Research in Nursing & Patient Care Services, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Erin E KentDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Harvard University · USMoffitt Cancer Center · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

Behavioral Oncology Education & Career DevelopmentT32CA090314 · NCI · H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CTR & RES INST · PI Vani N Simmons, SUSAN T VADAPARAMPIL · 2019 to 2026
$2.9M
Workshop on Research Methods in Supportive OncologyR25CA181000 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WILLIAM F PIRL, Abby R Rosenberg · 2014 to 2026
$2.7M
NCI NIH HHS R25 CA181000NCI NIH HHS T32 CA090314
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is widely acknowledged that cancer affects not only patients but also their friends and family members who provide informal, and typically unpaid, care. Given the dual impact that cancer often has on patients and their informal caregivers (i.e., family members, partners, or friends), an expanded dyadic framework that encompasses a range of health and psychosocial outcomes and includes primary caregivers with a range of relationships to the patients is critically needed. Moreover, an emphasis on the role of social and contextual factors may help the framework resonate with a broader range of patient-caregiver relationships and allow for the development of more effective dyadic interventions. This article describes the development of the Dyadic Cancer Outcomes Framework, which was created to guide future research and intervention development. Using an iterative process, we conducted a conceptual review of currently used dyadic and/or caregiving models and frameworks and developed our own novel dyadic framework. Our novel Dyadic Cancer Outcomes Framework highlights individual- and dyad-level predictors and outcomes, as well as incorporating the disease trajectory and the social context. This framework can be used in conjunction with statistical approaches including the Actor Partner Interdependence Model to evaluate outcomes for different kinds of partner-caregiver dyads. This flexible framework can be used to guide intervention development and evaluation for cancer patients and their primary caregivers, with the ultimate goal of improving health, psychosocial, and relationship outcomes for both patients and caregivers. Future research will provide valuable information about the framework's effectiveness for this purpose.

Indexed as

CaregiversNeoplasmsFamilyHumansQuality of LifeCancerCaregivingDyadic researchFamilyPatient-reported outcomesSocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID34500320
PMCPMC8936416
OpenAlexW3197746870

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.