ArticleWater research2021
High-resolution within-sewer SARS-CoV-2 surveillance facilitates informed intervention.
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Article in Water research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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28citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hospital wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 identifies intra-hospital dynamics of viral transmission and evolution.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of sampling methods for genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants in aircraft wastewater: advancing global early-warning systems for future pandemics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Multi-scale wastewater surveillance at a Bangkok tertiary care hospital: A potential sentinel site for real-time COVID-19 surveillance at hospital and national levels.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Public health actions in response to pathogen detection in wastewater and the environment: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a field deployable, high-throughput RT-LAMP device as an early warning system for COVID-19 through SARS-CoV-2 measurements in wastewater.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Structured Ethical Review for Wastewater-Based Testing in Support of Public Health.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 at Long-Term Care Facilities: Mixed Methods Evaluation.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Structured Ethical Review for Wastewater-Based Testing.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based epidemiology in an enclosed compound: A 2.5-year survey to identify factors contributing to local community dissemination.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Parallel deployment of passive and composite samplers for surveillance and variant profiling of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Using geographic information systems to link population estimates to wastewater surveillance data in New York State, USA.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- A multistate assessment of population normalization factors for wastewater-based epidemiology of COVID-19.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evaluating various composite sampling modes for detecting pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 virus in raw sewage.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Multimodal surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at a university enables development of a robust outbreak response framework.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Looking Forward: The Role of Academic Researchers in Building Sustainable Wastewater Surveillance Programs.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Article
- Predicting COVID-19 Infected Individuals in a Defined Population from Wastewater RNA Data.ACS ES&T water · 2022Article
- A Metagenomic Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Sewage Microbiomes across a University Campus.mSystems · 2022Article
- Quantifying the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Concentrations and Building-Level COVID-19 Prevalence at an Isolation Residence: A Passive Sampling Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Wastewater treatment plant operators report high capacity to support wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 across New York State, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
40 authors.
Katelyn ReevesUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Jennifer LiebigUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Antonio FeulaUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Tassa SaldiUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Erika LasdaUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
William JohnsonUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Jacob LilienfeldUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
Juniper MaggiUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Kevin PulleyUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Paul J WilkersonUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Breanna RealUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Gordon ZakUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Jack DavisUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Morgan FinkUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Patrick GonzalesUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Cole HagerUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Christopher OzeroffUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Kimngan TatUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Michaela AlkireUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Claire ButlerUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Elle CoeUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Jessica DarbyUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Nicholas FreemanUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Heidi HeuerUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Jeffery R JonesUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Madeline KarrUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Sara KeyUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Kiersten MaxwellUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Lauren NelsonUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Emily SaldanaUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Rachel SheaUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Lewis SalvesonUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Kate TomlinsonUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Jorge Vargas-BarrigaUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Bailey VigilUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Gloria BrissonUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Medical Services, 1900 Wardenburg Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
Roy ParkerUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Leslie A LeinwandUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
Kristen BjorkmanUniversity of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
Cresten MansfeldtUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Engineering Program, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, CO 80303, United States. Electronic address: cresten.mansfeldt@colorado.edu.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To assist in the COVID-19 public health guidance on a college campus, daily composite wastewater samples were withdrawn at 20 manhole locations across the University of Colorado Boulder campus. Low-cost autosamplers were fabricated in-house to enable an economical approach to this distributed study. These sample stations operated from August 25th until November 23rd during the fall 2020 semester, with 1512 samples collected. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in each sample was quantified through two comparative reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCRs). These methods were distinct in the utilization of technical replicates and normalization to an endogenous control. (1) Higher temporal resolution compensates for supply chain or other constraints that prevent technical or biological replicates. (2) The data normalized by an endogenous control agreed with the raw concentration data, minimizing the utility of normalization. The raw wastewater concentration values reflected SARS-CoV-2 prevalence on campus as detected by clinical services. Overall, combining the low-cost composite sampler with a method that quantifies the SARS-CoV-2 signal within six hours enabled actionable and time-responsive data delivered to key stakeholders. With daily reporting of the findings, wastewater surveillance assisted in decision making during critical phases of the pandemic on campus, from detecting individual cases within populations ranging from 109 to 2048 individuals to monitoring the success of on-campus interventions.
Indexed as
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2HumansPandemicsUniversitiesWastewaterWastewaterBuilding-scale monitoringComposite samplerCOVID-19RT-qPCRSARS-CoV-2Wastewater-based epidemiologyWastewater surveillance
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