Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34499683›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Climate suitability predictions for the cultivation of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) in Malawi using climate change scenarios.

Emmanuel Junior Zuza, Kadmiel Maseyk, Shonil A Bhagwat, Kauê de Sousa, Andrew Emmott, William Rawes, Yoseph Negusse Araya

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Global climate change andFrontiers in plant science · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Emmanuel Junior ZuzaFaculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, The United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5706-8637
Kadmiel MaseykFaculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, The United Kingdom.
Shonil A BhagwatFaculty of Arts & Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences and Global Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, The United Kingdom.
Kauê de SousaFaculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Hamar, Norway.
Andrew EmmottThe Neno Macadamia Trust, Bedford, The United Kingdom.
William RawesThe Neno Macadamia Trust, Bedford, The United Kingdom.
Yoseph Negusse ArayaFaculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, The United Kingdom.
The Open University · GBAlliance Bioversity International - CIAT · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Climate change is altering suitable areas of crop species worldwide, with cascading effects on people reliant upon those crop species as food sources and for income generation. Macadamia is one of Malawi's most important and profitable crop species; however, climate change threatens its production. Thus, this study's objective is to quantitatively examine the potential impacts of climate change on the climate suitability for macadamia in Malawi. We utilized an ensemble model approach to predict the current and future (2050s) suitability of macadamia under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). We achieved a good model fit in determining suitability classes for macadamia (AUC = 0.9). The climatic variables that strongly influence macadamia's climatic suitability in Malawi are suggested to be the precipitation of the driest month (29.1%) and isothermality (17.3%). Under current climatic conditions, 57% (53,925 km2) of Malawi is climatically suitable for macadamia. Future projections suggest that climate change will decrease the suitable areas for macadamia by 18% (17,015 km2) and 21.6% (20,414 km2) based on RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, with the distribution of suitability shifting northwards in the 2050s. The southern and central regions of the country will suffer the greatest losses (≥ 8%), while the northern region will be the least impacted (4%). We conclude that our study provides critical evidence that climate change will reduce the suitable areas for macadamia production in Malawi, depending on climate drivers. Therefore area-specific adaptation strategies are required to build resilience among producers.

Indexed as

Climate ChangeCrops, AgriculturalAdaptation, PhysiologicalClimateHumansMacadamiaMalawi

Identifiers

PMID34499683
PMCPMC8428786
OpenAlexW3197822197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.