ArticlePloS one2021
Emotional arousal in 2D versus 3D virtual reality environments.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Comparative Study on the Temporal Effects of 2D and VR Emotional Arousal.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Trial
- A multimodal dataset for emotional transition analysis in virtual reality.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Rethinking Naturalistic Movie Neuroimaging Through Film Form.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mapping the Digital Mind: A Meta-Analysis of EEG Biomarkers in Cognition, Emotion, and Mental Health.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- A Resource-Rational Account of Human Eye Movements During Immersive Visual Search.Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science · 2026Article
- The influence of ceramic tile characteristics on visual comfort and cognitive performance in workplace environments: a study based on VR and EEG.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Exploratory Investigation of Motor and Psychophysiological Outcomes Following VR-Based Motor Training with Augmented Sensory Feedback for a Pilot Cohort with Spinal Cord Injury.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Graph-theoretical analysis of EEG-based functional connectivity during emotional experience in virtual reality for emotion recognition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Users evaluating physical, virtual, and mixed reality prototypes exhibit differential DLPFC brain activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Modulation of alpha and theta waves by social stimuli in virtual educational environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High gamma EEG responses to emotional stimuli in virtual reality: insights from local activation and distributed characteristics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Restorative effects and perception of nature-themed artworks in indoor environments: an empirical study based on VR+EEG.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Effects of green-wall layouts on psychological and physiological responses in office environments: a virtual-environment study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Arousal may not be anything to get excited about.Emotion review : journal of the International Society for Research on Emotion · 2025Article
- You say it's not me: the influence of offering external explanations of rejection and acceptance behavior on the perception of benevolence in borderline personality disorder.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2024Article
- Virtual Reality-Assisted Informed Consent for Anesthesia: A Prospective and Randomized Proof-of-Concept Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- It is not real until it feels real: Testing a new method for simulation of eyewitness experience with virtual reality technology and equipment.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Age-related differences in subjective and physiological emotion evoked by immersion in natural and social virtual environments.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- iVR-fNIRS: studying brain functions in a fully immersive virtual environment.Neurophotonics · 2024Review
- Differential Brain Activation for Four Emotions in VR-2D and VR-3D Modes.Brain sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that virtual reality (VR) can elicit emotions in different visual modes using 2D or 3D headsets. However, the effects on emotional arousal by using these two visual modes have not been comprehensively investigated, and the underlying neural mechanisms are not yet clear. This paper presents a cognitive psychological experiment that was conducted to analyze how these two visual modes impact emotional arousal. Forty volunteers were recruited and were randomly assigned to two groups. They were asked to watch a series of positive, neutral and negative short VR videos in 2D and 3D. Multichannel electroencephalograms (EEG) and skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded simultaneously during their participation. The results indicated that emotional stimulation was more intense in the 3D environment due to the improved perception of the environment; greater emotional arousal was generated; and higher beta (21-30 Hz) EEG power was identified in 3D than in 2D. We also found that both hemispheres were involved in stereo vision processing and that brain lateralization existed in the processing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.