ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
Recipient APOL1 risk alleles associate with death-censored renal allograft survival and rejection episodes.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic kidney diseases: Decoding molecular taxonomies to drive precision nephrology and therapeutic innovation.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- Update on APOL1 and chronic kidney diseases in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- APOL1 risk alleles modulate T cell receptor signaling to promote allograft rejection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein L1 Genetic Testing and Counseling Does Not Reduce Living Kidney Donors' Willingness to Donate : A Hybrid Type 2 Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- APOL1 Genotype and Patient Outcomes in US and South African Transplant Recipients With HIV who Received Kidneys From Donors With HIV.Transplantation · 2026Article
- Should Nephrology Clinical Trials Account for Apolipoprotein L1 Gene Risk Status?Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Collapsing FSGS in a kidney transplant with a single APOL1 risk variant: a case report.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Genetic screening in kidney transplant candidates.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- APOL1 G1 and G2 risk alleles modulate severity of diet-induced obesity in a transgenic mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- APOL1-mediated kidney disease: a narrative review of the lessons learnt from the past 15 years.BMC nephrology · 2025Review
- APOL1 kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2025Article
- APOL1 risk variants induce metabolic reprogramming of podocytes in patient-derived kidney organoids.Stem cell reports · 2025Article
- Review
- LILRB3 genetic variation is associated with kidney transplant failure in African American recipients.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- The application of genetic testing technology in kidney transplantation: precision matching, non-invasive monitoring and personalized management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Genetics in Kidney Diseases.Advances in kidney disease and health · 2025Review
- Genetic ancestry, proportion of African ancestry, and apolipoprotein L1 risk variants in kidney recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Genetic versus self-reported African ancestry of the recipient and neighborhood predictors of kidney transplantation outcomes in 2 multiethnic urban cohorts.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Rationale and Design of a Phase 2, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial Evaluating AMP Kinase-Activation by Metformin in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Monogenic Kidney Diseases in Kidney Transplantation.Kidney international reports · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles in donor kidneys associate with graft loss, but whether recipient risk allele expression affects transplant outcomes is unclear. To test whether recipient APOL1 risk alleles independently correlate with transplant outcomes, we analyzed genome-wide SNP genotyping data on donors and recipients from 2 kidney transplant cohorts: Genomics of Chronic Allograft Rejection (GOCAR) and Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 01/17 (CTOT-01/17). We estimated genetic ancestry (quantified as the proportion of African ancestry, or pAFR) by ADMIXTURE and correlated APOL1 genotypes and pAFR with outcomes. In the GOCAR discovery set, we noted that the number of recipient APOL1 G1/G2 alleles (R-nAPOL1) associated with an increased risk of death-censored allograft loss (DCAL), independent of ancestry (HR = 2.14; P = 0.006), as well as within the subgroup of African American and Hispanic (AA/H) recipients (HR = 2.36; P = 0.003). R-nAPOL1 also associated with an increased risk of any T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) event. These associations were validated in CTOT-01/17. Ex vivo studies of PMBCs revealed, unexpectedly, high expression levels of APOL1 in activated CD4+/CD8+ T cells and NK cells. We detected enriched immune response gene pathways in risk allele carriers compared with noncarriers on the kidney transplant waitlist and among healthy controls. Our findings demonstrate an immunomodulatory role for recipient APOL1 risk alleles associated with TCMR and DCAL. We believe this finding has broader implications for immune-mediated injury to native kidneys.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.