ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2022
An analysis of 130 neuroendocrine tumors G3 regarding prevalence, origin, metastasis, and diagnostic features.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase II study of everolimus and temozolomide as first-line treatment in metastatic high-grade gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.British journal of cancer · 2023Trial
- Epigenetic Dysregulation of Somatostatin Receptors (SSTR) 1-5 and Therapeutic Implications in Neuroendocrine and Non-Neuroendocrine Malignancies.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Clinicopathological and molecular determinants of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: toward precision risk stratification.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Selected Gene Mutations in Pancreatic and Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Correlation of TP53 Mutations With p53 Expression and Ki-67 Index in Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Differential diagnosis and predictive markers of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNET).Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Differentiating well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors grade 3 from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas and adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: a comprehensive review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- PAX5 expression and its diagnostic utility in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Integrated local and global Ki67 profiling for prognostic stratification and therapeutic guidance in high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms: a multicenter validation study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Review
- Diagnostic relevance of p53 and Rb status in neuroendocrine tumors G3 from different organs: an immunohistochemical study of 465 high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Basic science and translational implications of current knowledge on neuroendocrine tumors.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Case report: TP53 heterogeneous alteration in grade 3 type I gastric NET: a case implicating primary tumor progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Distinguishing neuroendocrine tumor grade 3 from neuroendocrine carcinoma in gastroenteropancreatic high-grade neoplasms.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- Progression of Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) to High-Grade Neoplasms Harboring the NEC-Like Co-alteration of RB1 and TP53.Endocrine pathology · 2024Article
- Rapid Evolution of Metastases in Patients with Treated G3 Neuroendocrine Tumors Associated with NEC-Like Transformation and TP53 Mutation.Endocrine pathology · 2024Article
- Practical hints for the diagnosis of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Diagnostic issues in neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung.Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Molecular Classification of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are We Ready for That?Endocrine pathology · 2024Review
- [Practical application of immunohistochemistry in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms : Tips and pitfalls].Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Limited data exist on high-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs G3) which represent a new category among neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). We analyzed NETs G3 in a consultation series regarding prevalence, origin, metastasis, and diagnostic problems. Based on the WHO classification of digestive system tumors, 130 NETs G3 (9%) were identified in 1513 NENs. NET G3 samples were more often obtained from metastatic sites (69%) than NET G1/G2 samples (24%). NET G3 metastases presented most frequently in the liver (74%) and originated from the pancreas (38/90, 42%), followed by the lung (9%), ileum (7%), stomach (3%), rectum (1%), and rare sites (2%) such as the prostate and breast. The primaries remained unknown in 15%. NETs G3 had a median Ki67 of 30% that distinguished them from NECs (60%), though with great overlap. The expression of site-specific markers, p53, Rb1, and SST2 was similar in NETs G3 and NETs G1/G2, except for p53 and Rb1 which were abnormally expressed in 8% and 7% of liver metastases from NET G3 but not from NET G1/G2. NETs G3 were frequently referred as NECs (39%) but could be well distinguished from NECs by normal p53 (92% versus 21%) and Rb1 expression (93% versus 41%) expression. In conclusion, NETs G3 are frequently discovered as liver metastases from pancreatic or pulmonary primaries and are often misinterpreted as NEC. p53 and Rb1 are powerful markers in the distinction of NET G3 from NEC. Rarely, carcinomas from non-digestive, non-pulmonary organs with neuroendocrine features may present as NET G3.
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