ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2022
Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine changes in clinical high risk for psychosis population following antipsychotic medication.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Serum BAFF, APRIL, TWEAK, TNFSF18, TNFR2, and TNFRS12A levels in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Construction of diagnostic model and subtype analysis of major depressive disorder based on PANoptosis key genes.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Minor immunomodulatory effects of psychotropics suggested in severe mental disorders: Associations of antipsychotics with beta defensin 2, antidepressants with C-reactive protein, and mood stabilizers with soluble interleukin 2 receptor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Causal associations between immune cells and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Community-based recovery interventions for improving mental health in schizophrenia patients: a scoping review in Southeast Asia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Limited evidence of association between dysregulated immune marker levels and telomere length in severe mental disorders.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Serum BAFF and IL-17 Levels Pre- and Post-Antipsychotic Treatment for Acute Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between B-cell activating factor and future depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Observational
- Increased Herpes simplex virus 1, Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus antibody concentrations in severe mental illness.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Role of immune cell interactions in alcohol-associated liver diseases.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Causal role of immune cells in bipolar disorder: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Association of Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers and Growth Factors Levels with Sex, Therapy and Other Clinical Factors in Schizophrenia and Patient Stratification Based on These Data.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Inflammation and cognition in severe mental illness: patterns of covariation and subgroups.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Correlations between schizophrenia and lichen planus: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Immune marker levels in severe mental disorders: associations with polygenic risk scores of related mental phenotypes and psoriasis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Re-emerging concepts of immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other nonaffective psychosis (SCZ), bipolar spectrum disorder (BIP) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The cytokines B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family and are essential in orchestrating immune responses. Abnormal levels of BAFF and APRIL have been found in autoimmune diseases with CNS affection.
methodsWe investigated if plasma levels of BAFF and APRIL differed between patients with SCZ, BIP, and MDD with psychotic symptoms (n = 2009) and healthy control subjects (HC, n = 1212), and tested for associations with psychotic symptom load, controlling for sociodemographic status, antipsychotic and other psychotropic medication, smoking, body-mass-index, and high sensitivity CRP.
resultsPlasma APRIL level was significantly lower across all patient groups compared to HC (P < .001; Cohen's d = 0.33), and in SCZ compared to HC (P < .001; d = 0.28) and in BIP compared to HC (P < .001; d = 0.37). Lower plasma APRIL was associated with higher psychotic symptom load with nominal significance (P = .017), but not with any other clinical characteristics. Plasma BAFF was not significantly different across patient groups vs HC, but significantly higher in BIP compared to HC (P = .040; d = 0.12) and SCZ (P = .027; d = 0.10).
conclusionsThese results show aberrant levels of BAFF and APRIL and association with psychotic symptoms in patients with SCZ and BIP. This suggest that dysregulation of the TNF system, mediated by BAFF and APRIL, is involved in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.
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