ReviewJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2021
Salt intake and salt-reduction strategies in South Asia: From evidence to action.
Review in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Social Marketing as a Behavior Change Agent in Salt Reduction.Global heart · 2025Pooled it
- Theory-Based Mobile App Intervention to Promote Healthy Salt Intake Among Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR human factors · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of ICT-based Interventions for Sodium and Potassium Regulation in Healthy Adults.American journal of hypertension · 2025Trial
- Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: identifying gaps in awareness and misinformation.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer in Afghanistan: a population-based cancer registry, 2018-2020.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the nutrient content of dishes by the dish-version nutrient profile model in Japanese adults: the NHNS 2019.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary intake and sources of sodium and potassium, and salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among rural adults in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Non-communicable disease risk in female secondary school teachers of Islamabad: a baseline survey from a mixed methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Digital Health Delivery Models for Hypertension Self-Care in Asia: A Systematic Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- Ecological momentary assessment of meal context and food types contributing to salt intake at meals.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Burden of High Systolic Blood Pressure in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990 to 2021: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- South Asians and cardiometabolic health: A framework for comprehensive care for the individual, community, and population - An American society for preventive cardiology clinical practice statement.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Cancer Incidence in Kabul, Afghanistan: The First Report From the Population-Based Cancer Registry.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- A comprehensive review on cardiovascular disorders development due to salt intake: an emphasis on policy implementation.Health research policy and systems · 2025Review
- An Active Learning Model for Promoting Healthy Cooking and Dietary Strategies Among South Asian Children: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Global burden of disease from high-sodium diets, 1990-2021: analysis of GBD 2021 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Recommendations for screening of MetS: Utilizing total cholesterol for trend and prevalence estimates of Metabolic Syndrome among adults-findings from STEPS survey of Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors With Estimated Dietary Salt Consumption in Bangladeshi Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Bangladeshi Adults: Results from a Population-Based Survey with 24-Hour Urine Collections.Global heart · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular disease due to dietary risks, 1990-2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The World Health Organization recommends salt reduction as a cost-effective intervention to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Salt-reduction interventions are best tailored to the local context, taking into consideration the varying baseline salt-intake levels, population's knowledge, attitude, and behaviors. Fundamental to reduction programs is the source of dietary salt-intake. In South Asian countries, there is a paucity of such baseline evidence around factors that contribute to community salt intake. Upon reviewing the electronic literature databases and government websites through March 31, 2021, we summarized dietary salt intake levels and aimed to identify major sources of sodium in the diet. Information on the current salt reduction strategies in eight South Asian countries were summarized, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. One hundred twelve publications (out of identified 640) met our inclusion-exclusion criteria for full text review. Twenty-one studies were included in the review. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool. The primary result revealed that mean salt intake of South Asian countries was approximately twice (10 g/day) compared to WHO recommended intake (< 5 g/day). The significant proportion of salt intake is derived from salt additions during cooking and/or discretionary use at table. In most South Asian countries, there is limited data on population sodium intake based on 24-h urinary methods and sources of dietary salt in diet. While salt reduction initiatives have been proposed in these countries, they are yet to be fully implemented and evaluated. Proven salt reduction strategies in high-income countries could possibly be replicated in South Asian countries; however, further community-health promotion studies are necessary to test the effectiveness and scalability of those strategies in the local context.
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Registered trials
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