SynthesisHuman brain mapping2022
A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium.
Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Human brain mapping, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hemispheric asymmetries in borderline personality disorder: a systematic review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Estimating Multimodal Structural Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Worldwide ENIGMA Study.The American journal of psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Right hippocampal volume and attenuated psychotic symptoms distinguish subgroups of youth with common patterns of temporoparietal effective connectivity.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- A 3D Brain Geometry Toolkit for Multisite Neuroimaging Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance texture alterations in the caudate nucleus following 18 weeks of clozapine treatment in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Paw Preference in Rats Across Tests, Strains, Sex, and Age: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A study on the reliability and validity of CWS in Chinese schizophrenia patients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Unraveling the mysteries of schizophrenia: Insights into prefrontal cortex dysfunction and therapeutic implications.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Dynamic changes in hemispheric lateralization in major depressive disorder correlate with neurotransmitter and genetic profiles: a DIRECT consortium study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Subcortical brain abnormalities and cognitive function in individuals with psychosis and their unaffected relatives: A normative modeling approach.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Neural and somatic mechanisms driving clinical improvements in post-acute schizophrenia spectrum disorders.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Looking at Both Sides: Integrating Data From Both Hemispheres Is Crucial in Rodent Neuroscience.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Current Clinical Applications of Structural MRI in Neurological Disorders.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Review
- Beyond volume: Unraveling the genetics of human brain geometry.Science advances · 2025Article
- Radiomic Analysis of Striatal [Molecular imaging and biology · 2025Article
- Identification of Factors to Predict Transition to Schizophrenia in Subjects with Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Protocol for a Multicenter, Longitudinal Study of Sleep Parameters and Cytokine Levels.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Handedness in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a large-scale cross-disorder study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Measurement of Limbic System Anatomical Volumes in Patients Diagnosed with Schizophrenia Using Vol2brain and Comparison with Healthy Individuals.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
84 authors at 20 institutions in 15 countries.
Boris A GutmanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Theo G M van ErpClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Kathryn AlpertDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Christopher R K ChingImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2921-3408
Dmitry IsaevDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Anjani RagothamanDepartment of biomedical engineering, Oregon Health and Science university, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Arvin SaremiImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Artemis Zavaliangos-PetropuluImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
David C GlahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4749-6977
Li ShenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5443-0503
Shan CongDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5981-7678
Dag AlnaesNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Ole Andreas AndreassenNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Nhat Trung DoanNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Lars T WestlyeNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-8644-956X
Peter KochunovDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Theodore D SatterthwaiteDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7072-9399
Daniel H WolfDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alexander J HuangClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Charles KesslerClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Andrea WeidemanClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Dana NguyenDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Bryon A MuellerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Lawrence FaziolaDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Steven G PotkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Adrian PredaDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
Daniel H MathalonDepartment of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Juan BustilloDepartments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Vince CalhounTri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) [Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology], Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Judith M FordJudith Ford Mental Health, VA San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, California, USA.
Esther WaltonDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Stefan EhrlichDivision of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Giuseppe DucciMental Health Department, ASL Roma1 DSM, Rome, Italy.
Nerisa BanajLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3566-5494
Federica PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Gianfranco SpallettaLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7432-4249
Erick J Canales-RodríguezFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
Paola Fuentes-ClaramonteFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
Edith Pomarol-ClotetFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
Joaquim RaduaFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
Raymond SalvadorFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5557-1562
Salvador SarróFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
Erin W DickieCentre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada.
Aristotle VoineskosCentre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada.
Diana Tordesillas-GutiérrezDepartment of Radiology, IDIVAL, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain.
Benedicto Crespo-FacorroUniversity Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, University of Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain.
Esther Setién-SueroUniversity Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, CIBERSAM, Santander, Spain.
Jacqueline Mayoral van SonUniversity Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, University of Sevilla, CIBERSAM, Sevilla, Spain.
Stefan BorgwardtDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Fabienne Schönborn-HarrisbergerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Derek MorrisCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Gary DonohoeCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Laurena HolleranCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Dara CannonClinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Colm McDonaldClinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Aiden CorvinNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Michael GillNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Geraldo Busatto FilhoLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Pedro G P RosaLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Mauricio H SerpaLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Marcus V ZanettiLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Irina LebedevaLaboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Vasily KaledaDepartment of Endogenous Mental Disorders, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Alexander TomyshevLaboratory of Neuroimaging and Multimodal Analysis, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Tim CrowDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anthony JamesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Simon CervenkaCentre for Psychiatry Reserach, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Carl M SellgrenDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Helena Fatouros-BergmanCentre for Psychiatry Reserach, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ingrid AgartzNORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Fleur HowellsDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, WC, South Africa.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, WC, South Africa.
Henk TemminghDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, WC, South Africa.
Anne UhlmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, WC, South Africa.
Greig I de ZubicaraySchool of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Katie L McMahonSchool of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Margie WrightQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Derin CobiaDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
John G CsernanskyDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jessica A TurnerPsychology & Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lei WangDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3870-3388
University of California, Irvine · USHospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè · ESOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IEOslo University Hospital · NOUniversity of Southern California · USHospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo · BRUniversity of Pennsylvania · USCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental · ESFondazione Santa Lucia · ITKarolinska Institutet · SEMental Health Research Center of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences · RUNorthwestern University · USWestern Cape Department of Health · ZACentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAQueensland University of Technology · AUTrinity College Dublin · IEUniversity of Basel · CHUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Oxford · GBASL Roma · IT
Funding
University of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1MFUNCTION BIRNU24RR021992 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI POTKIN, STEVEN G · 2006 to 2010
$25.0MTheta and Gamma Oscillations in Cortical MicrocircuitsP50MH064045 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 2001 to 2010
$21.6MULTRAHIGH FIELD TECHNOLOGY FOR FUNCTIONAL IMAGINGP41RR014075 · NCRR · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BOAS, DAVID A · 1999 to 2011
$16.4MBIO-INFORMATICS RESEARCH NETWORK COORDINATING CENTER (BIRN-CC)U24RR025736 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KESSELMAN, CARL · 2009 to 2011
$15.0MInstitute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000153 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$12.1MSTRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND COGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIAP50MH071616 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BARCH, DEANNA · 2004 to 2008
$11.2MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MGenetic Analysis and Manipulation Core (GAEC)P50HD105351 · NICHD · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI SCOTT Loren POMEROY, MUSTAFA SAHIN · 2021 to 2026
$9.4MSCHIZOPHRENIA: A NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PERSPECTIVET32MH019112 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 1990 to 2024
$6.2MInformed Data-Driven Fusion of Behavior, Brain Function, and GenesR01EB005846 · NIBIB · THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK · PI CALHOUN, VINCE D · 2005 to 2016
$5.5MSOLAR-Eclipse Computational Tools for Imaging GeneticsR01EB015611 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2012 to 2024
$5.0MCSRD VA I01 CX000497Medical Research Council G0500092NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000153NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB020062NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105351NIH HHS 1RC1MH089257NIH HHS MH019112NIH HHS MH064045NIH HHS MH085096NIH HHS MH098130NIH HHS MH 60722NIH HHS MO1 RR025758NIH HHS P41RR14075NIH HHS P50 MH071616NIH HHS R01 DA053028NIH HHS R01EB005846NIH HHS R01EB015611NIH HHS R01 EB020062NIH HHS R01 HD050735NIH HHS R01 MH056584NIH HHS R01MH074797NIH HHS R01 MH084803NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIH HHS R21 MH097196NIH HHS R21MH097196NIH HHS R37MH43375NIH HHS S10 OD023696NIH HHS T32 AG058507NIH HHS T32 MH073526NIH HHS TR000153NIH HHS U01 MH097435NIH HHS U24 RR021382ANIH HHS U24 RR021992NIH HHS U24RR021992NIH HHS U24 RR025736NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIH HHS U54EB020403NIH HHS UL1 TR000153NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH123163Science Foundation Ireland 08/IN.1/B1916Science Foundation Ireland 12/IP/1359Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 072894/2/03/Z
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure. While analytic methods have enabled more detailed morphometric characterization, findings are often equivocal. In this meta-analysis, we employed the harmonized ENIGMA shape analysis protocols to collaboratively investigate subcortical brain structure shape differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. The study analyzed data from 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,929 healthy control participants contributed by 21 worldwide research groups participating in the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Harmonized shape analysis protocols were applied to each site's data independently for bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, accumbens, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus obtained from T1-weighted structural MRI scans. Mass univariate meta-analyses revealed more-concave-than-convex shape differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control participants, more-convex-than-concave shape differences in the putamen and pallidum, and both concave and convex shape differences in the caudate. Patterns of exaggerated asymmetry were observed across the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants, while diminished asymmetry encompassed ventral striatum and ventral and dorsal thalamus. Our analyses also revealed that higher chlorpromazine dose equivalents and increased positive symptom levels were associated with patterns of contiguous convex shape differences across multiple subcortical structures. Findings from our shape meta-analysis suggest that common neurobiological mechanisms may contribute to gray matter reduction across multiple subcortical regions, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of network disorganization in schizophrenia.
Indexed as
NeuroimagingAmygdalaCorpus StriatumHippocampusHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicSchizophreniaThalamusschizophreniastructuresubcortical shape
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