ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Enteric Illness Outbreaks Reported Through the National Outbreak Reporting System-United States, 2009-2019.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping High-Rate Clusters of Animal Contact-Related Human Salmonella enterica Single-State Outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2022: A Spatial Epidemiological Approach to Inform Public Health Surveillance.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Rotavirus Outbreak Traced in Clinical, Environmental, and Food Matrices: Whole Genomic Characterization of an Equine-like G3P[8] Genotype.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Trends in foodborne outbreaks and outbreak-associated illnesses using a Bayesian trend model - United States, 1998-2018.PloS one · 2026Article
- Temporal trends ofFrontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- TRIM47 inhibits murine norovirus replication in a strain-dependent manner.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Human norovirus persists longer than Escherichia coli in sandy soil, independent of plant decaying materials.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Increasing Predominance of Norovirus GII.17 over GII.4, United States, 2022-2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial changes made for suspected infectious diarrhea after positive gastrointestinal pathogen panel result.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Trends in Burdens of Disease by Transmission Source (USA, 2005-2020) and Hazard Identification for Foods: Focus on Milkborne Disease.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- Surveillance of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water - United States, 2015-2020.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2024Article
- Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Household Transmission of Viral Acute Gastroenteritis Among Participants Within an Integrated Health Care Delivery System, 2014-2016.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of Capsid and Genomic Integrity Tests on Norovirus Extraction Recovery Rates.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Increased Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica I Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- Infections Associated with Pork, United States, 2009-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Childcare and School Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks: 2009-2020.Pediatrics · 2022Article
- Notes from the Field: Norovirus Outbreaks Reported Through NoroSTAT - 12 States, August 2012-July 2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2022Article
- Temporal changes in the proportion ofEpidemiology and infection · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) captures data on foodborne, waterborne, and enteric illness outbreaks in the United States. This study describes enteric illness outbreaks reported during 11 years of surveillance.
methodsWe extracted finalized reports from NORS for outbreaks occurring during 2009-2019. Outbreaks were included if caused by an enteric etiology or if any patients reported diarrhea, vomiting, bloody stools, or unspecified acute gastroenteritis.
resultsA total of 38 395 outbreaks met inclusion criteria, increasing from 1932 in 2009 to 3889 in 2019. Outbreaks were most commonly transmitted through person-to-person contact (n = 23 812; 62%) and contaminated food (n = 9234; 24%). Norovirus was the most commonly reported etiology, reported in 22 820 (59%) outbreaks, followed by Salmonella (n = 2449; 6%) and Shigella (n = 1171; 3%). Norovirus outbreaks were significantly larger, with a median of 22 illnesses per outbreak, than outbreaks caused by the other most common outbreak etiologies (P < .0001, all comparisons). Hospitalization rates were higher in outbreaks caused by Salmonella and Escherichia coli outbreaks (20.9% and 22.8%, respectively) than those caused by norovirus (2%). Case fatality rate was highest in E. coli outbreaks (0.5%) and lowest in Shigella and Campylobacter outbreaks (0.02%).
conclusionsNorovirus caused the most outbreaks and outbreak-associated illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, persons in E. coli and Salmonella outbreaks were more likely to be hospitalized or die. Outbreak surveillance through NORS provides the relative contributions of each mode of transmission and etiology for reported enteric illness outbreaks, which can guide targeted interventions.
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