ArticleScientific reports2021
Interactions of anti-COVID-19 drug candidates with hepatic transporters may cause liver toxicity and affect pharmacokinetics.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug repurposing against viral infections (2020-2025): clinical trials, computational strategies, and therapeutic interventions.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Influence of a Short Course of Ritonavir Used as Booster in Antiviral Therapies Against SARS-CoV-2 on the Exposure of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Article
- Persistent hepatocyte secretory failure in lopinavir/ritonavir related to drug-induced liver injury: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Asymmetrically Alters the In Vivo Exposure Profile of SGC003F: A Novel Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Applicability of MDR1 Overexpressing Abcb1KO-MDCKII Cell Lines for Investigating In Vitro Species Differences and Brain Penetration Prediction.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Integrated multi-omics analyses combined with western blotting discovered that cis-TSG alleviated liver injury via modulating lipid metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Viral target and metabolism-based rationale for combined use of recently authorized small molecule COVID-19 medicines: Molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and remdesivir.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Interactions of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Paxlovid with Human Drug Transporters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in a hACE2 murine model.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Article
- Gut microbiome therapeutic modulation to alleviate drug-induced hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- COVID-19: gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations.Human pathology · 2023Review
- PredictingACS omega · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetic considerations to optimize clinical outcomes for COVID-19 drugs.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2022Review
- Impact of Liver Functions by Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2022Review
- Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The potential of remdesivir to affect function, metabolism and proliferation of cardiac and kidney cells in vitro.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Pharmacogenetic variants and risk of remdesivir-associated liver enzyme elevations in Million Veteran Program participants hospitalized with COVID-19.Clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- A curated binary pattern multitarget dataset of focused ATP-binding cassette transporter inhibitors.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Human/SARS-CoV-2 genome-scale metabolic modeling to discover potential antiviral targets for COVID-19.Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transporters in the human liver play a major role in the clearance of endo- and xenobiotics. Apical (canalicular) transporters extrude compounds to the bile, while basolateral hepatocyte transporters promote the uptake of, or expel, various compounds from/into the venous blood stream. In the present work we have examined the in vitro interactions of some key repurposed drugs advocated to treat COVID-19 (lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, remdesivir and favipiravir), with the key drug transporters of hepatocytes. These transporters included ABCB11/BSEP, ABCC2/MRP2, and SLC47A1/MATE1 in the canalicular membrane, as well as ABCC3/MRP3, ABCC4/MRP4, SLC22A1/OCT1, SLCO1B1/OATP1B1, SLCO1B3/OATP1B3, and SLC10A1/NTCP, residing in the basolateral membrane. Lopinavir and ritonavir in low micromolar concentrations inhibited BSEP and MATE1 exporters, as well as OATP1B1/1B3 uptake transporters. Ritonavir had a similar inhibitory pattern, also inhibiting OCT1. Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1. Favipiravir had no significant effect on any of these transporters. Since both general drug metabolism and drug-induced liver toxicity are strongly dependent on the functioning of these transporters, the various interactions reported here may have important clinical relevance in the drug treatment of this viral disease and the existing co-morbidities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.