ArticleScandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine2021
One out of three bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests shows signs of pathological psychological processing weeks after the incident - results from structured telephone interviews.
Article in Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experiences and perceptions of lay bystanders responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A qualitative systematic review.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- RescQ™: Study protocol for a feasibility pilot of structured support for bystanders/lay-rescuers following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Perceptions of older people regarding drone-delivered defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a qualitative study.British paramedic journal · 2025Article
- Knowledge and barriers of out of hospital cardiac arrest bystander intervention and public access automated external defibrillator use in the Northeast of England: a cross-sectional survey study.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Logistic and cognitive-emotional barriers experienced by first responders when alarmed to get dispatched to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events: a region-wide survey.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Incorporation of Drone Technology Into the Chain of Survival for OHCA: Estimation of Time Needed for Bystander Treatment of OHCA and CPR Performance.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- Indirectly acquired fear memories have distinct, sex-specific molecular signatures from directly acquired fear memories.PloS one · 2024Article
- Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among first aid providers.Resuscitation plus · 2023Article
- Family experiences and health outcomes following a loved ones' hospital discharge or death after cardiac arrest: A scoping review.Resuscitation plus · 2023Article
- Neuroethics across the Disorders of Consciousness Care Continuum.Seminars in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWitnessing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a traumatic experience. This study analyses bystanders` psychological processing of OHCA. We examined the potential impact of bystanders performing resuscitation and the influence of the relationship between bystander and patient (stranger vs. family/friend of the patient) on the psychological processing.
methodsA telephone interview survey with bystanders, who witnessed an OHCA of an adult patient was performed weeks after the event between December 2014 and April 2016. The semi-standardized questionnaire contained a question regarding the paramount emotion at the time of the interview. In a post-hoc analysis statements given in response were rated by independent researchers into the categories "signs of pathological psychological processing", "physiological psychological processing" and "no signs of psychological distress due to the OHCA".
resultsIn this analysis 89 telephone interviews were included. In 27 cases (30.3%) signs of pathological psychological processing could be detected. Bystanders performing resuscitation had a higher rate of "no signs of psychological distress after witnessing OHCA" compared to those not resuscitating (54.7% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.05; relative risk 2.01; 95%CI 1.08, 3.89). No statistical significant differences in the psychological processing could be shown for gender, age, relationship to the patient, current employment in the health sector, location of cardiac arrest or number of additional bystanders.
conclusionsOne out of three bystanders of OHCA suffers signs of pathological psychological processing. This was independent of bystander´s age, gender and relationship to the patient. Performing resuscitation seems to help coping with witnessing OHCA.
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