SynthesisWorld journal of emergency surgery : WJES2021
Subtotal cholecystectomy for difficult acute cholecystitis: how to finalize safely by laparoscopy-a systematic review.
Synthesis in World journal of emergency surgery : WJES, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Back to the battlefield: minimally invasive management of postcholecystectomy remnants: a systematic appraisal of safety and efficacy.Surgery today · 2026Pooled it
- Subtotal vs total cholecystectomy for difficult gallbladders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Subtotal Cholecystectomy for Intraoperatively Diagnosed Mirizzi Syndrome: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Successful ERCP guided rescue cystic duct embolization for the persistent bile leak after subtotal cholecystectomy: a case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of laparoscopic manual suturing and laparoscopic stapler usage for gallbladder duodenal fistula stoma closure.BMC surgery · 2026Article
- Reconstituting, Fenestrating, and Cholecystostomy-our approach and surgical technique for difficult gallbladders using three bailout procedures.Journal of visualized surgery · 2026Article
- Acute cholecystitis: a new technique to use carefully.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2025Article
- Laparoscopic Subtotal Cholecystectomy for Difficult Gallbladders: Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a radiologically-based nomogram for preoperative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Minimally invasive subtotal cholecystectomy. What surgeons need to know.Updates in surgery · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Preoperative predictors of difficult early laparoscopic cholecystectomy among patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in Egypt.BMC surgery · 2024Article
- Bailout for the Difficult Gallbladder: Subtotal vs. Open Cholecystectomy-A Retrospective Tertiary Care Center Experience.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conversion to open as a bailout procedure: a cohort study.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Observational
- Review
- Predictive Factors for Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies in Acute Cholecystitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Acute cholecystitis: how to avoid subtotal cholecystectomy-preliminary results.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAim of this study was to clarify the best laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSTC) technique for finalizing a difficult cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND
methodsA review was performed (1987-2021) searching "difficulty cholecystectomy" AND/OR "subtotal cholecystectomy". The LSTC techniques considered were as follows: type A, leaving posterior wall attached to the liver and the remainder of the gallbladder stump open; type B, like type A but with the stump closed; type C, resection of both the anterior and posterior gallbladder walls and the stump closed; type D, like type C but with the stump open. Morbidity (including mortality) was analysed with Dindo-Clavien classification.
resultsNineteen articles were included. Of the 13,340 patients screened, 678 (8.2%) had cholecystectomy finalized by LSTC: 346 patients (51.0%) had type A LSTC, 134 patients (19.8%) had type B LSTC, 198 patients (29.2%) had type C LSTC, and 198 patients (0%) had type D LSTC. Bile leakage was found in 83 patients (12.2%), and recorded in 58 patients (69.9%) treated by type A. Twenty-three patients (3.4%) developed a subhepatic collection, 19 of whom (82.6%) were treated by type A. Other complications were reported in 72 patients (10.6%). The Dindo-Clavien classification was four for grade I, 27 for grade II, 126 for grade IIIa, 18 for grade IIIb, zero for grade IV and three for grade V.
conclusionIn the case of LSTC, closure of the gallbladder stump represents the best method to avoid complications. Careful exploration of the gallbladder stump is mandatory, washing the abdominal cavity and leaving drainage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.