ArticleBMC public health2021
Impact of experienced HIV stigma on health is mediated by internalized stigma and depression: results from the people living with HIV stigma index in Ontario.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Moderating effects of coping strategies on the associations between stigma and depression among emerging adults.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Trial
- Health factors, stigma, and psychosocial resources associated with self-rated health: a cross-sectional analysis of the People Living with HIV Stigma Index 2.0 in Bolivia.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Internalized HIV Stigma and Lower HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Updated Internalized HIV Stigma Scale Among People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- The Relationships Between Internalized Stigma, Depression, andHealth-Related Quality of Life in Individuals Living with HIV.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Perceived HIV knowledge in the context of novel psychoactive substance use: evidence from a multi-city survey in Kazakhstan.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with stigma among adults diagnosed with severe vision impairment in rural Mozambique.International health · 2025Article
- Modeling the Mediating Effects of HIV-Related Stigma on the Associations Between Race/Ethnicity and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Viral Suppression Among Diverse Racial and Ethnic Minority Women with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Measurement invariance of HIV-related stigma scales among men who have sex with men (MSM) and non-MSM populations: implications for comparative studies in China.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Self-perceived stigma in people living with HIV in Spain: a mixed-methods study.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Article
- Prevalence of HIV-related stigma manifestations and their contributing factors among people living with HIV in Sweden - a nationwide study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Characteristics and influencing factors of anticipated HIV stigma among HIV-negative/unknown MSM in China: A regression mixture model.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Health Workers' Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Service Delivery to Adolescents in HIV Treatment in Cape Town, South Africa: A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Addressing HIV stigma in healthcare, community, and legislative settings in Central and Eastern Europe.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Review
- Resisting and disrupting HIV-related stigma: a photovoice study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Characterization of HIV-Related Stigma in Myanmar.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Community Perceptions of HIV Stigma, Discriminatory Attitudes, and Disclosure Concerns: A Health Facility-Based Study in Selected Health Districts of South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Lessons learned in co-creating a Virtual Village for people ageing with HIV.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and anticipated HIV stigma among HIV-negative/unknown men who have sex with men in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicenter online cross-sectional study.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Exploring experiences engaging in exercise from the perspectives of women living with HIV: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2023Article
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14 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundExperiences of HIV stigma remain prevalent across Canada, causing significant stress and negatively affecting the health and wellbeing of people living with HIV. While studies have consistently demonstrated that stigma negatively impacts health, there has been limited research on the mechanisms behind these effects. This study aims to identify which dimensions of stigma have significant relationships with self-rated health and examine the mechanisms by which those types of stigma impact self-rated health.
methodsWe recruited 724 participants to complete the People Living with HIV Stigma Index in Ontario, designed by people living with HIV to measure nuanced changes in stigma and discrimination. The present study utilizes data from externally validated measures of stigma and health risks that were included in the survey. First, we conducted multiple regression analyses to examine which variables had a significant impact on self-rated health. Results from the multiple regression guided the mediation analysis. A parallel mediation model was created with enacted stigma as the antecedent, internalized stigma and depression as the mediators, and self-rated health as the outcome.
resultsIn the multiple regression analysis, internalized stigma (coefficient = -0.20, p < 0.01) and depression (coefficient = -0.07, p < 0.01) were both significant and independent predictors of health. Mediation analyses demonstrated that the relationship between enacted stigma and self-rated health is mediated in parallel by both internalized stigma [coefficient = -0.08, se = 0.03, 95% CI (-0.14, -0.02)] and depression [coefficient = -0.16, se = 0.03, 95% CI (-0.22, -0.11)].
conclusionsWe developed a mediation model to explain how HIV-related stigma negatively impacts health. We found that that enacted stigma, or experiences of prejudice or discrimination, can lead to internalized stigma, or internalization of negative thoughts regarding one's HIV status and/or increased depressive symptoms which then may lead to worse overall health. Highlighting the importance of internalized stigma and depression has the potential to shape the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of stigma and improving the health and wellbeing of people living with HIV.
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