ArticleBMC women's health2021
Low self-esteem is related to depression and anxiety during recovery from an ectopic pregnancy.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multilevel factors associated with self-reported sexually transmitted infections among sexually active women in Africa: a socio-ecological analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Pregnant Women's Experiences and Perceptions of the Impact of Exercise on Mental Health During Pregnancy-A Qualitative Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Risk-Stratified Screening for Perinatal Depression and Anxiety: Integrating Sexual Function, Self-Esteem, and Psychosocial Context.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The diagnosis and management of extrauterine and uterine ectopic pregnancy.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Insomnia and anxiety among COVID-19 patients in China: the chain mediating effect of psychological capital and self-esteem.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Influence of physical education on anxiety, depression, and self-esteem among college students.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Psychologic Sequelae in Early Pregnancy Complications.International journal of women's health · 2023Review
- Research Progress on Psychological Distress in Patients with Ectopic Pregnancy in China.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- The Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Anxiety of Left-Behind Experience College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Study.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConsidering the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy and the negative effects of pregnancy loss on mental health, this study aimed to determine the status of mental health in women with ectopic pregnancy and examine its relationship with their self-esteem.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study on 150 women (with a 100% response rate) hospitalized for ectopic pregnancy et al.-Zahra hospital in Tabriz, Iran, during 2018-2019, and recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-28, which has four subscales (overall score range: 0 to 84; subscale score range: 0 to 21 with a lower score indicating a better mental state), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (score range: - 10 to + 10 with a higher score indicating higher self-esteem). To determine the association between self-esteem and mental health, independent t-tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used.
resultsThe response rate was 100%. The mean score (SD) of participants' mental health was 31.4 (8.5), and that of self-esteem was 4.5 (3.80). The percentage of participants who were considered as having mental distress (i.e., overall GHQ-28 score ≥ 24) was 76%. Among the subscales of mental health, social dysfunction was the most prevalent (observed in 100% of the participants), followed by somatic symptoms (79.3%). Lower self-esteem was significantly associated with overall mental distress (odds ratio (OR): 0.74; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.64-0.87; P < 0.001), depression (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.60-0.80; P < 0.001) and anxiety/insomnia (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66-0.87; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Mental distress was common among women with ectopic pregnancy. This study is the first to examine the relationship between self-esteem and mental health among women with ectopic pregnancy and highlights the important role of self-esteem in mental wellbeing among those women.
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