ReviewBMC pediatrics2021
Prophylaxis of caries with fluoride for children under five years.
Review in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effectiveness of Topical Fluorides in Preventing Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Fluoride Varnishes: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antibacterial effect, antiadherence, and antiacidogenicity properties of a dental varnish containing silver nanoparticles: an in vitro study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Using Fluoride Varnish Immediately After Bleaching.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Analysis of Oral Health Status and Dental Caries-Related Factors in Children of Zhoushan.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2025Article
- Sweet Shield: Enhancing Oral Health with Bioactive HETAFU Candies in Adults - A Dose-Dependent Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Compomer Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Fluoride Release from Two Commercially Available Dental Fluoride Gels-In Vitro Study.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of Calcium Lactate Pretreatment on Enamel Fluoride Uptake: A Comparative In Vitro Study of Different Fluoride Types and Concentrations.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Review
- Control of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents Using Fluoride: An Overview of Community-Level Fluoridation Methods.Pediatric reports · 2024Review
- The impact of Er:YAG laser combined with fluoride treatment on the supragingival plaque microbiome in children with multiple caries: a dynamic study.BMC oral health · 2022Article
- Xylitol Fluoride Varnish: In Vitro Effect Analysis on Enamel by Atomic Force Microscopy.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Efficacy and safety of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomy for caries-exposed permanent teeth in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2022Article
- Primary health care for children - evidence for prevention.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Effect of Drinking Water Fluoride on Gingivitis and Caries: A Study in Peat and Non-Peat Land: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We looked at existing recommendations and supporting evidence on the effectiveness and potential harms of the different fluoride interventions in preventing dental caries in children under 5 years of age.We conducted a literature search up to the 12th of September 2019 by using key terms and manual search in selected sources. We summarized the recommendations and the strength of the recommendation when and as reported by the authors. We summarized the main findings of systematic reviews with the certainty of the evidence as reported.Water fluoridation has been widely implemented worldwide for several decades and evidence shows it reduces the prevalence of dental caries. Salt or milk fluoridation are other collective fluoride interventions that are also effective to prevent dental caries in children. The evidence of effects of oral fluoride supplements for caries prevention is limited and inconsistent. The use of fluoride toothpastes has consistently been proven to be effective in the prevention of dental caries. The evidence for the effects of the different levels of fluoride concentration in toothpastes is more limited. Topical fluorides (gels and varnishes) are effective in preventing dental caries and are mainly recommended to children with high risk of dental caries. Early childhood intake of fluoride supplements and fluoride level of 0.7 ppm (ppm) in drinking water are associated with the risk of dental fluorosis, ranging from minor forms to severe forms that are of aesthetic concerns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.