Trial reportBlood2022
Pembrolizumab for B-cell lymphomas relapsing after or refractory to CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy.
Trial report in Blood, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02650999 (Phase I/II Study of Pembrolizumab in Patients Failing to Respond to or Relapsing After Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cell Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory CD19+ Lymphomas), which is not on this map. Cited by 141 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase I/II Study of Pembrolizumab in Patients Failing to Respond to or Relapsing After Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cell Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory CD19+ Lymphomas
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Therapy for B-cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Combined or Sequential Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Car-T Cell Therapies for the Management of Haematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Demethylation-primed tandem CD19/CD20 CAR T cells in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma: a phase I/II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Metronomic chemotherapy plus anti-PD-1 in metastatic breast cancer: a Bayesian adaptive randomized phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Remodeling memory T cells with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors as host pre-conditioning to empower in vivo CAR-T therapy.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Review
- Second primary cancers following hematologic malignancies: Epidemiology, pathobiology and clinical management.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- CRISPR in clinical oncology: translational advances from molecular diagnostics to therapeutics.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Autocrine PD-1-blocking nanobodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of TCR-like CAR-T cells by attenuating t cell exhaustion.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- CD47 monoclonal antibody enhances the inhibitory effect of anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor macrophages on ovarian cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and salvage options for CAR-T cell therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- [Efficacy and safety analysis of the salvage treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after the failure of anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2026Article
- Neurological complications of current and emerging CAR-T cell therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Rapidly evolved PD-1 for enhance receptor and checkpoint inhibitor in immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Zanubrutinib enhances CD19 CAR T killing of B-cell lymphoma by inhibiting BTK phosphorylation, regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and promoting autophagy.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer Immunotherapy: Heterogeneity, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Safety and effectiveness of lisocabtagene maraleucel following PD-1 blockade in relapsed or refractory PMBCL.International journal of hematology · 2026Article
- Modulating AP-1 enables CAR T cells to establish an intratumoral stemlike reservoir and overcomes resistance to PD-1 blockade.Science immunology · 2026Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR T) T cells achieve durable remissions in about 30% to 40% of relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas. T-cell exhaustion and/or an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment may contribute to CAR T-cell failure. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, may reverse T-cell exhaustion after CAR T-cell therapy. We treated 12 patients with B-cell lymphomas who were either refractory to (n = 9) or relapsed after (n = 3) CD19-directed CAR T-cell (4-1BB-costimulated) therapy with pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks. Median time from CAR T-cell infusion to first pembrolizumab dose was 3.3 months (range, 0.4-42.8 months). Pembrolizumab was well tolerated, and the only grade ≥3 adverse events related to pembrolizumab were neutropenia (n = 3; 25%). Best overall response rate after pembrolizumab was 25% (3 of 12 patients; 1 complete response; 2 partial responses). One (8%) patient had stable disease; thus, 4 of 12 (33%) patients had clinical benefit. After pembrolizumab, 4 patients with clinical benefit had an increase in percentage of CAR T cells by mass cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF); 3 of 4 of these patients also had increases in CAR19 transgene levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Deep immune profiling using CyTOF revealed increased CAR T-cell activation and proliferation and less T-cell exhaustion in clinical responders. Together, PD1 blockade with pembrolizumab after CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy appears safe and may achieve clinical responses in some patients with B-cell lymphomas refractory to or relapsed after CAR T-cell therapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gove as #NCT02650999.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.