SynthesisPloS one2021
The prevalence of paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07705581 (Validation and Standardization of Paramagnetic Rim Lesion), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation and Standardization of Paramagnetic Rim Lesion (PRL) Identification in Multiple Sclerosis Across MAGNIMS Centers - From Scientific Setting Towards Clinical Applicability
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Pooled it
- Reliability of paramagnetic rim lesion classification on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in people with multiple sclerosis: Single-site experience and systematic review.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Iron accumulation in the corpus callosum: a quantitative MRI study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Central Vein Sign and Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: An Assessment of Prevalence and Anatomical Location.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Diagnostic performance of central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesion integration for multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Filtered-phase imaging versus susceptibility-weighted imaging for paramagnetic rim lesion detection in multiple sclerosis: A head-to-head comparison.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Slowly Expanding Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Hidden Pitfall in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging: How Standard Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) May Miss Paramagnetic Rim Lesions.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2026Article
- Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Their Association With Brain Tissue Atrophy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Updates in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2025Review
- Frequency and Diagnostic Implications of Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in People Presenting for Diagnosis to a Multiple Sclerosis Clinic.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Neurodegeneration correlates of iron-related lesions and leptomeningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis clinical subtypes.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Advancements in multiple sclerosis.Internal medicine journal · 2025Review
- Biomarkers of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity-Can We Actually Measure It Yet?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Diffusion- and Tractography-Based Characterization of Tissue Damage Within and Surrounding Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Soma and neurite density abnormalities of paramagnetic rim lesions and core-sign lesions in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Unmasking paramagnetic rim multiple sclerosis lesions: the advantages of quantitative susceptibility mapping over phase imaging.Brain communications · 2025Article
- The ageing central nervous system in multiple sclerosis: the imaging perspective.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent findings from several studies have shown that paramagnetic rim lesions identified using susceptibility-based MRI could represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature to assess their pooled prevalence at lesion-level and patient-level.
methodsBoth database searching (PubMed and Embase) and handsearching were conducted to identify studies allowing the lesion-level and/or patient-level prevalence of rim lesions or chronic active lesions to be calculated. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore possible sources of heterogeneity. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020192282.
results29 studies comprising 1230 patients were eligible for analysis. Meta-analysis estimated pooled prevalences of 9.8% (95% CI: 6.6-14.2) and 40.6% (95% CI: 26.2-56.8) for rim lesions at lesion-level and patient-level, respectively. Pooled lesion-level and patient-level prevalences for chronic active lesions were 12.0% (95% CI: 9.0-15.8) and 64.8% (95% CI: 54.3-74.0), respectively. Considerable heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2>75%). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in patient-level prevalence between studies conducted at 3T and 7T (p = 0.0312). Meta-regression analyses also showed significant differences in lesion-level prevalence with respect to age (p = 0.0018, R2 = 0.20) and disease duration (p = 0.0018, R2 = 0.48). Other moderator analyses demonstrated no significant differences according to MRI sequence, gender and expanded disability status scale (EDSS).
conclusionIn this study, we show that paramagnetic rim lesions may be present in an important proportion of MS patients, notwithstanding significant variation in their assessment across studies. In view of their possible clinical relevance, we believe that clear guidelines should be introduced to standardise their assessment across research centres to in turn facilitate future analyses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.