Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34495971›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021

Leptospira interrogans biofilm formation in Rattus norvegicus (Norway rats) natural reservoirs.

Ana Amélia Nunes Santos, Priscyla Dos Santos Ribeiro, Geórgia Virgínia da França, Fábio Neves Souza, Eduardo Antônio Gonçalves Ramos, Cláudio Pereira Figueira, Mitermayer G Reis, Federico Costa, Paula Ristow

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Identification ofMicroorganisms · 2026
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  3. Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  8. Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Review
  9. The Challenge of Bacterial Strain Identification:Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024
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  12. Comparative genomics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Co-Infection byAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Biofilm formationHeliyon · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ana Amélia Nunes SantosInstitute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Priscyla Dos Santos RibeiroInstitute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-7048-6999
Geórgia Virgínia da FrançaInstitute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Fábio Neves SouzaInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-3542-8918
Eduardo Antônio Gonçalves RamosGonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8282-8757
Cláudio Pereira FigueiraGonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil.
Mitermayer G ReisGonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-3051-9060
Federico CostaInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Paula RistowInstitute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8494-361X
Universidade Federal da Bahia · BRMinistério da Saúde · BRUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais · BR

Funding

Research Mentoring and Building Capacity of underrepresented Minority Research Scientists in India.D43TW010540 · FIC · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MICHELE BARRY, Eva Harris · 2017 to 2026
$15.5M
Global Health Fellows and Scholars Research TrainingR25TW009338 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI BARRY, MICHELE, KO, ALBERT ICKSANG · 2012 to 2016
$5.2M
Natural History of Urban LeptospirosisR01AI052473 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI KO, ALBERT ICKSANG · 2003 to 2013
$2.8M
Ecoepidemiology of leptospirosis in the urban slums of BrazilR01TW009504 · FIC · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BEGON, MICHAEL, CHILDS, JAMES EMORY · 2012 to 2016
$2.2M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010540FIC NIH HHS R01 TW009504FIC NIH HHS R25 TW009338NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI052473Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 102330/Z/13/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) is the main reservoir host of pathogenic Leptospira, the causative agent of leptospirosis, in urban environments. Pathogenic Leptospira forms biofilms in the environment, possibly contributing for bacterial survival and maintenance. Nonetheless, biofilms have not yet been studied in natural animal reservoirs presenting leptospiral renal carriage. Here, we described biofilm formation by pathogenic Leptospira inside the renal tubules of R. norvegicus naturally infected and captured in an urban slum endemic for leptospirosis. From the 65 rats carrying Leptospira in their kidneys, 24 (37%) presented biofilms inside the renal tubules. The intensity of leptospiral colonization in the renal tubules (OR: 1.00; 95% CI 1.05-1.1) and the type of occlusion pattern of the colonized renal tubules (OR: 3.46; 95% CI 1.20-9.98) were independently associated with the presence of Leptospira biofilm. Our data showed that Leptospira interrogans produce biofilms during renal chronic colonization in rat reservoirs, suggesting a possible role for leptospiral biofilms in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis and bacterial carriage in host reservoirs.

Indexed as

BiofilmsAnimalsDisease ReservoirsKidneyLeptospira interrogansLeptospirosisMaleRatsRodent Diseases

Identifiers

PMID34495971
PMCPMC8451993
OpenAlexW3197257293

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.