ArticleArquivos brasileiros de cardiologia2021
Physiological Responses to Maximal and Submaximal Walking in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.
Article in Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Submaximal walking increases MicroRNA-126 and angiogenic markers in men and women with peripheral arterial disease.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Physical Activity Levels Change Over Time in Individuals with Peripheral Arterial Disease.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- 2021 Top 10 Articles in the Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia and the Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- The Paradox of Exercise Intensity in Preventing Cardiovascular Events in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2021Article
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10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough maximal and submaximal walking are recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), performing these exercises may induce different physiological responses.
objectivesTo compare the acute effects of maximal and submaximal walking on post-exercise cardiovascular function, regulation, and associated pathophysiological processes in patients with symptomatic PAD.
methodsThirty male patients underwent 2 sessions: maximal walking (Gardner's protocol) and submaximal walking (15 bouts of 2 minutes of walking separated by 2 minutes of upright rest). In each session, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac autonomic modulation (HR variability), forearm and calf blood flows (BF), vasodilatory capacity (reactive hyperemia), nitric oxide (NO), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), and inflammation (four markers) were measured pre- and post-walking. ANOVAs were employed, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.
resultsSystolic and mean BP decreased after the submaximal session, but they increased after the maximal session (interactions, p < 0.001 for both). Diastolic BP did not change after the submaximal session (p > 0.05), and it increased after maximal walking (interaction, p < 0.001). HR, sympathovagal balance, and BF increased similarly after both sessions (moment, p < 0.001, p = 0.04, and p < 0.001, respectively), while vasodilatory capacity, NO, and oxidative stress remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules increased similarly after both maximal and submaximal walking sessions (moment, p = 0.001).
conclusionsIn patients with symptomatic PAD, submaximal, but not maximal walking reduced post-exercise BP, while maximal walking maintained elevated cardiac overload during the recovery period. On the other hand, maximal and submaximal walking sessions similarly increased post-exercise HR, cardiac sympathovagal balance, and inflammation, while they did not change post-exercise NO bioavailability and oxidative stress.
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