Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34494951›Full record

ArticleMicrobiology (Reading, England)2021

The dilution effect limits plasmid horizontal transmission in multispecies bacterial communities.

Anastasia Kottara, Laura Carrilero, Ellie Harrison, James P J Hall, Michael A Brockhurst

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Seaweed exposure modulatesMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Microbial Musings - September 2021.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Anastasia KottaraFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Laura CarrileroDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
Ellie HarrisonDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
James P J HallDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
Michael A BrockhurstFaculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
University of Manchester · GBUniversity of Sheffield · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/R006253/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/R018154/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

By transferring ecologically important traits between species, plasmids drive genomic divergence and evolutionary innovation in their bacterial hosts. Bacterial communities are often diverse and contain multiple coexisting plasmids, but the dynamics of plasmids in multi-species communities are poorly understood. Here, we show, using experimental multi-species communities containing two plasmids, that bacterial diversity limits the horizontal transmission of plasmids due to the 'dilution effect'; this is an epidemiological phenomenon whereby living alongside less proficient host species reduces the expected infection risk for a focal host species. In addition, plasmid horizontal transmission was also affected by plasmid diversity, such that the rate of plasmid conjugation was reduced from co-infected host cells carrying both plasmids. In diverse microbial communities, plasmid spread may be limited by the dilution effect and plasmid-plasmid interactions, reducing the rate of horizontal transmission.

Indexed as

BacteriaGene Transfer, HorizontalConjugation, GeneticPlasmidsbacterial communitiesconjugative plasmidsexperimental evolutionhorizontal gene transfermobile genetic elementsplasmid transfer

Identifiers

PMID34494951
PMCPMC8549239
OpenAlexW3197276063

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.