ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
Degree of processing and nutritional value of children's food products.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacts of Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Maternal-Child Health: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- [Commercially available complementary foods in Argentina and Mexico: An analysis of their nutritional composition, labeling, and promotionAlimentos complementares comercializados na Argentina e no México: análise da composição nutricional, rotulagem e promoção].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Commercial Baby Foods: Nutrition, Marketing and Motivations for Use-A Narrative Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Review
- Flavour, emulsifiers and colour are the most frequent markers to detect food ultra-processing in a UK food market analysis.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Commercial Baby Foods Aimed at Children up to 36 Months: Are They a Matter of Concern?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Complementary feeding methods and introduction of ultra-processed foods: A randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to characterise the availability, the nutritional composition and the processing degree of industrial foods for 0-36-month-old children according to the neighbourhoods affluence.
designA cross-sectional exploratory study.
settingAll food products available in retail stores for children aged 0-36 months were analysed. Data collection took place in two neighbourhoods, comparing two different sociodemographic districts (high v. low per capita income), Campanhã and Foz do Douro in Porto, Portugal.
participantsA total of 431 commercially processed food products for children aged 0-36 months which are sold in 23 retail stores were identified. Food products were classified according to their processing degree using the NOVA Food Classification System.
resultsFor NOVA analysis, of the 244 food products that were included 82 (33·6 %) were minimally processed, 25 (10·2 %) processed and 137 (56·1 %) ultra processed. No food product was classified as a culinary ingredient. The products included mostly cereals, yogurts, prevailed in high-income neighbourhoods for the 0-6-month-old group. It was observed that some categories of ultra-processed food (UPF) presented higher amounts of energy, sugars, saturated fat and salt than unprocessed/minimally processed products.
conclusionsThe high availability of UPF offered for 0-36-month-old children should be considered when designing interventions to promote a healthy diet in infancy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.