ArticleJournal of travel medicine2022
TaqMan Array Card testing of participant-collected stool smears to determine the pathogen-specific epidemiology of travellers' diarrhoea†.
Article in Journal of travel medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of a TaqMan Array Card for identification of enterotoxins and colonization factors directly from stool samples in an enterotoxigenicMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of ETVAX®, an oral inactivated vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial amongst Finnish travellers to Benin, West Africa.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Trial
- Performance evaluation of TaqMan Array Card real-time PCR for multi-pathogen detection in acute undifferentiated febrile illness.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sharing ofmBio · 2025Article
- Prospective evaluation of different faecal preservation media for travellers' diarrhoea diagnostic application with multiplex PCR BioFire FilmArray in resource-limited settings.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of the prevalence of resistance genes and gastrointestinal pathogens in stool samples of German deployment returnees.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Novel rpsK / rpsD primer-probe assay improves detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human stool.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Infections transmitted via the faecal-oral route: a simple score for a global risk map.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Article
- Molecular epidemiology of enterically colonizingFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe assessed the compliance with self-collection of stool smears on Whatman® FTA® Elute Card (FTA Card) and detection of travellers' diarrhoea (TD)-associated pathogens by using a quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay [customized TaqMan® array card (TAC)] in a prospective, observational cohort of travellers.
methodsEnrolled travellers documented symptoms on a travel diary and collected an FTA Card during a diarrhoeal episode, or at the end of travel if they remained asymptomatic. TAC testing was performed on FTA Cards from TD cases and 1:1 matched asymptomatic controls and 1:1 matched loose stool cases that did not meet TD criteria. Odds ratios were used to determine the association between detected pathogens and TD.
resultsOf 2456 travellers, 484 (19.7%) completed an illness diary and met TD criteria, and 257 (53.1%) collected an FTA Card during the TD episode. FTA Cards were stored for a median of 2 years at room temperature (IQR: 1-4 years) before extraction and testing. The overall TAC detection rate in TD cases was 58.8% (95% CI: 52.5-64.8). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen in TD cases (26.8%), and 3.5% of samples were positive for norovirus. The odds of detecting TD-associated pathogens in 231 matched cases and asymptomatic controls were 5.4 (95% CI: 3.6-8.1) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1-3.7) in 121 matched TD and loose stool cases (P < 0.05). Enteroaggregative E. coli was the most common pathogen detected in asymptomatic controls and loose stool cases. Detection of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli and Campylobacter spp. was significantly associated with TD.
conclusionFTA Cards are a useful adjunct to traditional stool collection methods for evaluating the pathogen-specific epidemiology of TD in austere environments. Qualitative detection of pathogens was associated with TD. Measures to improve compliance and quality of FTA Card collection with decreased storage duration may further optimize detection.
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