ArticleGenus2021
Too precarious to walk: an integrated "three delays" framework for modeling barriers to maternal health care and birth registration among stateless persons and irregular migrants in Malaysia.
Article in Genus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Registration of family vital events in a conflict-induced displacement setting.Population health metrics · 2026Article
- The Six Delays Model: expanding the three delays model with evidence from Madagascar for maternal referrals in LMICs.BMJ global health · 2026Review
- Between Gratitude and Responsibility: Reimagining Malaysia's Healthcare System at a Crossroads.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2026Article
- Factors affecting antenatal care attendance in Soweto, Johannesburg: The three-delay model.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2024Article
- Population perspectives and demographic methods to strengthen CRVS systems: introduction.Genus · 2022Article
- Digitalisation of birth registration system in Malaysia: Boon or bane for the hard-to-reach and marginalised?Journal of migration and health · 2022Article
- Residence registration to cope with homelessness: evidence from a qualitative research study in Milan.Genus · 2021Article
- Maternal health and maternal health service utilization among female sex workers: A scoping review.Women's health (London, England)Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study extends Thaddeus and Maine's (1994) "three delays" framework to model the interrelated barriers to maternal health care and birth registration. We focus on stateless persons and irregular migrants, populations that are especially at risk of being "left behind" in United Nations member states' efforts to "provide legal identity to all" as part of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork conducted in Sabah, Malaysia, we model delays in accessing maternal health care and birth registration as an integrated, cyclical process. We identify the political and legal barriers that stateless or migrant families confront while deciding to make institutional contact (Phase I), identifying and reaching health or registering institutions (Phase II), and receiving adequate and appropriate treatment (Phase III). We find that exclusion from one system raises the risk of exclusion from the other, resulting in a range of negative consequences, including increased health risks, governments' impaired ability to monitor population health, and the perpetuation of intergenerational cycles of legal exclusion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.