ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2021
Aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK Pathways in Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas-New Potential Therapeutic Approach-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Integrating Molecular and Imaging Insights: Ryanodine Receptor 2 (RyR2) Expression, CK18 Status, and Conventional MRI Findings in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Therapy for aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- EndoBridge 2025: pearls and highlights.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Deep learning-based classification of gh-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors granulation patterns using H&E-stained histopathology.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Role of Surgery in the Multimodal Treatment of Pituitary Carcinoma: A Retrospective Single-Institution Case Series.Cancers · 2026Article
- Chinese consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of prolactinomas (2025 edition).Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2026Review
- Region-Resolved Integrative Multi-Omic Characterization Reveals Diverse Tumor and Microenvironment Features of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- Astragaloside IV targets TUBB4B to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of pituitary tumor cells via the STMN1/ERK pathway.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Zhi-Zi-Chi Decoction Alleviates Depressive-like Behaviors by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Targeting the AMPK/PI3K-TOR Pathway via Its Metabolite Protocatechuic Acid.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals molecular signatures underlying invasiveness in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Temozolomide in aggressive and metastatic pituitary tumors: a Brazilian multicenter real-world cohort study.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Identification and Validation of Signature Genes in Invasiveness-Associated Modules of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Molecular biology of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Single-cell and machine learning approaches reveal METTL14-mediated autophagy via PI3K/AKT signaling in invasive PitNET.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Predictive capacity of mismatch repair status in the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: An illustrative case report and literature review.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Driven PCDI Classifier for Invasive PitNETs.Current gene therapy · 2026Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although usually benign, anterior pituitary tumours occasionally exhibit aggressive behaviour, with invasion of surrounding tissues, rapid growth, resistance to conventional treatments and multiple recurrences. In very rare cases, they metastasize and are termed pituitary carcinomas. The time between a 'classical' pituitary tumour and a pituitary carcinoma can be years, which means that monitoring should be performed regularly in patients with clinical (invasion and/or tumour growth) or pathological (Ki67 index, mitotic count and/or p53 detection) markers suggesting aggressiveness. However, although both invasion and proliferation have prognostic value, such parameters cannot predict outcome or malignancy without metastasis. Future research should focus on the biology of both tumour cells and their microenvironment, hopefully with improved therapeutic outcomes. Currently, the initial therapeutic approach for aggressive pituitary tumours is generally to repeat surgery or radiotherapy in expert centres. Standard medical treatments usually have no effect on tumour progression but they can be maintained on a long-term basis to, at least partly, control hypersecretion. In cases where standard treatments prove ineffective, temozolomide, the sole formally recommended treatment, is effective in only one-third of patients. Personalized use of emerging therapies, including peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, angiogenesis-targeted therapy and immunotherapy, will hopefully improve the outcomes of patients with this severe condition.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.