ArticleNeurology2021
Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive Trajectories: Role of Brain Pathologies.
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Article in Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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46citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Instruments to Assess Cognitive Reserve Among Older Adults: a Systematic Review of Measurement Properties.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Implementation of a Program to Enhance Cognitive Reserve in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (EM Reserva Program).Revista de neurologia · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Brain structure in the cingulate cortex and locus coeruleus in late life is associated with engagement in complex mental activities across the life span.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Cognitive Trajectories and Associated Factors in Prostate Cancer Survivors Over a 3-Year Prospective Study.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
- Classification accuracies of plasma ptau217 vs. ptau217/Aβ1-42 for brain Aβ pathology in cognitively normal older adults.GeroScience · 2026Observational
- Education, Cognitive Reserve, and Brain Pathology in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence from Preclinical and Symptomatic Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Italian Adaptation of the Subjective Cognitive Reserve Questionnaire Based on Modifiable Lifestyle Factors (SCR-Q).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Higher Amyloid and Tau Burden Is Associated With Faster Decline on a Digital Cognitive Test.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Associations between trajectories of plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, brain structures, and cognitive function: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- DNA methylation signature of cognitive reserve moderates CSF tau pathology in prodromal Alzheimer's disease.Research square · 2026Article
- Pathway analysis of cognitive resilience factors and cognitive function in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS).Neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Mechanisms and Impact of Cognitive Reserve in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Protective Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Lifestyle on Amyloid- and White Matter Hyperintensity-Related Longitudinal Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Decline.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- The association between cognitive reserve and cognitive function trajectories in older adults: a Chinese nationally representative cohort study with group-based trajectory modeling.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Physical activity and network attack tolerance preserve motor function in Parkinson's disease: A pilot study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- The dual impact of education and occupation on cognitive functioning in older Mexican adults: A cross-sectional exploratory study.SSM - population health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Xuerui LiFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. weili.xu@ki.se qixiuying@tmu.edu.cn.
Ruixue SongFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Xiuying QiFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Hui XuFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. weili.xu@ki.se qixiuying@tmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-5631-6264
Wenzhe YangFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Miia KivipeltoFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
David A BennettFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
Weili XuFrom the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.); Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health (X.L., R.S., X.Q., W.Y., W.X.), Tianjin; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (R.S.), Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan; Big Data and Engineering Research Center (H.X.), Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China; Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research (M.K.), and Aging Research Center (W.X.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet; Theme Aging (M.K.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit (M.K.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL. weili.xu@ki.se qixiuying@tmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-6140-2968
Funding
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURAL RESERVE AND NEUROBIOLOGY IN AGINGR01AG017917 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 2001 to 2023
$43.3MMultimodal MRI biomarkers of small vessel disease for older persons with and without dementia.UH2NS100599 · NINDS · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ARFANAKIS, KONSTANTINOS, SCHNEIDER, JULIE A. · 2016 to 2017
$2.2MNIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917NINDS NIH HHS UH2 NS100599
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesEvidence on the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with the cognitive trajectories is limited. We aimed to examine the influence of CR indicator on domain-specific cognitive trajectories taking brain pathologies into account.
methodsWithin the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,697 participants without dementia (mean age 79.6 years) were followed up to 21 years. CR indicator encompassing education, early-life, mid-life, and late-life cognitive activities and late-life social activity was ascertained at baseline and categorized as tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). Global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed were assessed annually with 19 tests, from which composite scores were derived. During the follow-up, 648 participants died and underwent autopsies to evaluate brain pathologies. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models.
resultsAmong the participants, the score of the CR indicator ranged from -8.00 to 5.74 (mean 0.00 ± 2.23). In multi-adjusted mixed-effect models, compared to the lowest CR, the highest was related to a slower decline in global cognition (β = 0.028, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.012-0.043), episodic memory (β = 0.028, 95% CI 0.010-0.047), and working memory (β = 0.019, 95% CI 0.005-0.033) during the follow-up. In brain pathologic data analysis, the association of the highest CR with cognitive function changes remained significant among participants with high Alzheimer disease pathology or gross infarcts. DISCUSSION: High CR indicator is associated with preserved global cognitive function, episodic memory, and working memory, even in the presence of brain pathologies. Our findings highlight the important role of high CR accumulation in the prevention of cognitive decline.
Indexed as
AgedAged, 80 and overBrainCognitive DysfunctionCognitive ReserveEducational StatusFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocial Behavior
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