ArticleCancer research2021
Regulatory Network of PD1 Signaling Is Associated with Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Article in Cancer research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pseudogene Coexpression Networks Reveal a Robust Prognostic Signature for Pediatric B-ALL Survival.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- Sample-specific network analysis identifies gene co-expression patterns of immunotherapy response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.iScience · 2025Article
- Gene regulatory network integration with multi-omics data enhances survival predictions in cancer.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Utilizing cohort-level and individual networks to predict best response in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Patient-specific gene co-expression networks reveal novel subtypes and predictive biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics Analysis of Programmed Death-1-Trastuzumab Resistance Regulatory Networks in Breast Cancer Cells.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Single-Sample Networks Reveal Intra-Cytoband Co-Expression Hotspots in Breast Cancer Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Adjustment of spurious correlations in co-expression measurements from RNA-Sequencing data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Heterogeneity in the gene regulatory landscape of leiomyosarcoma.NAR cancer · 2023Article
- The Network Zoo: a multilingual package for the inference and analysis of gene regulatory networks.Genome biology · 2023Article
- Glioblastoma survival is associated with distinct proteomic alteration signatures post chemoirradiation in a large-scale proteomic panel.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Network-based approaches for modeling disease regulation and progression.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
- An online notebook resource for reproducible inference, analysis and publication of gene regulatory networks.Nature methods · 2022Article
- gpuZoo: Cost-effective estimation of gene regulatory networks using the Graphics Processing Unit.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- GRAND: a database of gene regulatory network models across human conditions.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Sex differences in gene regulatory networks during mid-gestational brain development.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Latest updates on cellular and molecular biomarkers of gliomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive cancer of the brain and spine. While analysis of glioblastoma 'omics data has somewhat improved our understanding of the disease, it has not led to direct improvement in patient survival. Cancer survival is often characterized by differences in gene expression, but the mechanisms that drive these differences are generally unknown. We therefore set out to model the regulatory mechanisms associated with glioblastoma survival. We inferred individual patient gene regulatory networks using data from two different expression platforms from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed comparative network analysis between patients with long- and short-term survival. Seven pathways were identified as associated with survival, all of them involved in immune signaling; differential regulation of PD1 signaling was validated to correspond with outcome in an independent dataset from the German Glioma Network. In this pathway, transcriptional repression of genes for which treatment options are available was lost in short-term survivors; this was independent of mutational burden and only weakly associated with T-cell infiltration. Collectively, these results provide a new way to stratify patients with glioblastoma that uses network features as biomarkers to predict survival. They also identify new potential therapeutic interventions, underscoring the value of analyzing gene regulatory networks in individual patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Genome-wide network modeling of individual glioblastomas identifies dysregulation of PD1 signaling in patients with poor prognosis, indicating this approach can be used to understand how gene regulation influences cancer progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.