ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Koala retrovirus genetic diversity and transmission dynamics within captive koala populations.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the association between koala retrovirus and primary bone neoplasia in koalas (Veterinary pathology · 2026Article
- The relationships of viral and protozoal co-infections to Chlamydia pecorum infection and chlamydiosis outcomes in northern koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of koala retrovirus plasma RNA load in relation to faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and Chlamydia infection.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Endogenous Retroviruses in Host-Virus Coevolution: From Genomic Domestication to Functional Innovation.Genes · 2025Review
- GALV-KoRV-related retroviruses in diverse Australian and African rodent species.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Genome mining shows that retroviruses are pervasively invading vertebrate genomes.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Milk Transmission of Mammalian Retroviruses.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Genome Reference Assembly for Bottlenecked Southern Australian Koalas.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Diversity and transmission of koala retrovirus: a case study in three captive koala populations.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Geographic patterns of koala retrovirus genetic diversity, endogenization, and subtype distributions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Molecular Insights into Innate Immune Response in Captive Koala Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Co-Infected with Multiple Koala Retrovirus Subtypes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Expansion of a retrovirus lineage in the koala genome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Koala retrovirus load and non-A subtypes are associated with secondary disease among wild northern koalas.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Koala populations are currently in rapid decline across Australia, with infectious diseases being a contributing cause. The koala retrovirus (KoRV) is a gammaretrovirus present in both captive and wild koala colonies that presents an additional challenge for koala conservation in addition to habitat loss, climate change, and other factors. Currently, nine different subtypes (A to I) have been identified; however, KoRV genetic diversity analyses have been limited. KoRV is thought to be exogenously transmitted between individuals, with KoRV-A also being endogenous and transmitted through the germline. The mechanisms of exogenous KoRV transmission are yet to be extensively investigated. Here, deep sequencing was employed on 109 captive koalas of known pedigree, housed in two institutions from Southeast Queensland, to provide a detailed analysis of KoRV transmission dynamics and genetic diversity. The final dataset included 421 unique KoRV sequences, along with the finding of an additional subtype (KoRV-K). Our analysis suggests that exogenous transmission of KoRV occurs primarily between dam and joey, with evidence provided for multiple subtypes, including nonendogenized KoRV-A. No evidence of sexual transmission was observed, with mating partners found to share a similar number of sequences as unrelated koala pairs. Importantly, both distinct captive colonies showed similar trends. These findings indicate that breeding strategies or antiretroviral treatment of females could be employed as effective management approaches in combating KoRV transmission.
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