ArticleBMJ open2021
Associations of household food insufficiency with childhood depression and anxiety: a nationwide cross-sectional study in the USA.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Universal free school meals and Medicaid spending: evidence from linked education and claims data in Arkansas.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Prospective association of screen time with binge-eating disorder among adolescents in the United States: The mediating role of depression.The International journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Association of household food insecurity with sociodemographic factors and obesity in US youth: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Household Food Insufficiency and Chronic Pain among Children in the US: A National Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
objectiveHousehold food insufficiency (HFIS) is a major public health threat to children. Children may be particularly vulnerable to HFIS as a psychological stressor due to their rapid growth and accelerated behavioural and cognitive states, whereas data focusing on HFIS and childhood mental disorders are as-yet sparse. We aimed to examine the associations of HFIS with depression and anxiety in US children.
designCross-sectional study.
settingThe 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally-representative study.
participantsPrimary caregivers of 102 341 children in the USA. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Physician diagnosed depression and anxiety were assessed by questionnaires administered to primary caregivers of 102 341 children. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated adjusted OR (aOR) for current depression or anxiety associated with HFIS measured through a validated single-item instrument.
resultsAmong children aged 3-17 years, 3.2% and 7.4% had parent-reported physician-diagnosed current depression and anxiety, respectively. Compared with children without HFIS, children with HFIS had approximately twofold higher weighted prevalence of anxiety or depression. After adjusting for covariates, children with versus without HFIS had a 1.53-fold (95% CI 1.15 to 2.03) and 1.48-fold (95% CI 1.20 to 1.82) increased odds of current depression and anxiety, respectively. Associations were slightly more pronounced among girls (aOR (95% CI): depression 1.69 (1.16 to 2.48); anxiety 1.78 (1.33 to 2.38)) than boys (1.42 (0.98 to 2.08); 1.32 (1.00 to 1.73); both P-for-interaction <0.01). The associations did not vary by children's age or race/ethnicity.
conclusionsHFIS was independently associated with depression and anxiety among US children. Girls presented slightly greater vulnerability to HFIS in terms of impaired mental health. Children identified as food-insufficient may warrant mental health assessment and possible intervention. Assessment of HFIS among children with impaired mental health is also warranted. Our findings also highlight the importance of promptly addressing HFIS with referral to appropriate resources and inform its potential to alleviate childhood mental health issues.
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