ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- A theoretically designed scale-up intervention increases adoption of an effective school nutrition program 'SWAP IT': outcomes of a randomised trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- Exploring the influence of context on social norms around Australian parents' food provision using story completion.Public health nutrition · 2024Trial
- Effectiveness of a Multi-Strategy Behavioral Intervention to Increase Vegetable Sales in Primary School Canteens: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Primary School Children's Views and Habits Around School Lunches.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Pulse consumption of Australian adolescents: characteristics and consumption patterns in a national survey.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- School-Provided Meals and the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Small part of a Very Important Story.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Sneak peek: food, waste and packaging characteristics of South Australian school children's lunchboxes.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of school food policies in Australian jurisdictions: Insights for more effective policy action.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Review
- Comparing Australian children's dietary intakes with the Eat-Lancet Commission Planetary Health Diet targets and Australian Dietary Guidelines: a cross-sectional study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Children's Diets and Planetary Health: A Study in Wroclaw, Poland, and Sydney, Australia.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Are Cooked Nutritious School Lunches Associated with Improved Attendance? Findings from the 2022-2023 Tasmanian School Lunch Project.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Unpacking the cost of the lunchbox for Australian families: a secondary analysis.Health promotion international · 2024Article
- Exploring motivations for engagement with the Healthy Lunch Box campaign on social media.Health promotion international · 2023Article
- Exploring Australian children's perceptions of a school-provided lunch model using a story completion method.Health promotion international · 2023Article
- Frequency and distribution of dietary energy, vegetable, fruit and discretionary food intakes in 18-month-old Australian children.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Validation of a Questionnaire of Food Education Content on School Catering Websites in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSchool food intake of Australian children is not comprehensively described in literature, with limited temporal, nationally representative data. Greater understanding of intake at school can inform school-based nutrition promotion. This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of primary-aged children during school hours and its contribution to daily intake.
designThis secondary analysis used nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls on school days. Descriptive statistics were undertaken to determine energy, nutrients, food groups and food products consumed during school hours, as well as their contributions to total daily intake. Associations between school food intake and socio-demographic characteristics were explored.
settingAustralia.
participantsSeven hundred and ninety-five children aged 5-12 years.
resultsChildren consumed 37 % of their daily energy and 31-43 % of select nutrient intake during school hours, with discretionary choices contributing 44 % of school energy intake. Most children consumed less than one serve of vegetables, meat and alternatives or milk and alternatives during school hours. Commonly consumed products were discretionary choices (34 %, including biscuits, processed meat), bread (17 %) and fruit (12 %). There were limited associations with socio-economic position variables, apart from child age.
conclusionsChildren's diets were not aligned with national recommendations, with school food characterised by high intake of discretionary choices. These findings are consistent with previous Australian evidence and support transformation of the Australian school food system to better align school food consumption with recommendations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.